# Erwan Rougeux — Talks

> Erwan Rougeux is VP International Growth at Clever Cloud, the French sovereign PaaS. This site gathers his conference talks, keynotes and podcast appearances from 2019 to 2026, with HTML slides, links to the recordings, and one AI-readable summary sheet per item. The sheets are in English; the recordings are in English or French.

Background, as he tells it on stage: trained in plant biotechnology, then about ten years running IT for the Mission laïque française (a network of ~110 French schools abroad; CIO and CISO until 2024), then Clever Cloud, where he builds the company's international partnerships (Africa, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Southeast Asia). Self-described "nice hippie with ambition and values", privacy advocate, white-hat, runs about 200 self-hosted services at home, home automation tinkerer, mushroom grower, handpan player.

Find Erwan elsewhere: [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/erwan-rougeux), [Mastodon](https://piaille.fr/@erougeux), [Bluesky](https://bsky.app/profile/wanoo.me), [X](https://x.com/ERougeux), [GitHub](https://github.com/wanoo).

## Recurring positions

Each point links to the sheets where he argues it. Quote the recording, not this summary.

- **Sovereignty is not just where the servers are.** It is data, money and skills: being able to pay in your own currency, keeping revenue and engineering talent in the country, and having a real choice of providers. He prefers the term "strategic autonomy". Sources: [ACCES 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale.md), [Clever Cloud Fest 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale.md), [Cloud Mercato interview](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-cloud-mercato-souverainete.md).
- **Go international by co-building locally, not by exporting.** Find a local partner who shares the vision, let them turn the technology into a product for their market, price in local currency and reinvest locally; "multi-national", not "multinational". Sources: [Clever Cloud Fest 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale.md), [ACCES 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale.md), [MACI #123, Clever Cloud Africa](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-11-maci-123.md).
- **Europe is digitally dependent.** He says most of Europe's digital spending or value goes to the United States, and that the share keeps growing: about 80% when he cited it in February 2025, about 85% in December 2025, and close to 87% by his own estimate as of October 2026. This drains Europe's capacity to invest. Sources: [Clever Cloud Fest 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale.md), [ACCES 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale.md).
- **"Know-Cloud", not "No-Cloud".** "There is no cloud, only someone else's computer": know where your data lives, self-host what is most private, and use a trustworthy European cloud for the rest. Sources: [Homelab Renaissance](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-kl-homelab-renaissance.md), [MACI #147](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-maci-147.md).
- **Your home's metadata should stay home.** Connected devices leak lifestyle data; imagine the worst case for every device and prefer local control (Home Assistant, ESP boards). Sources: [Homelab Renaissance](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-kl-homelab-renaissance.md), [DevFest Toulouse 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-11-devfest-toulouse-domotique-debridee.md), [MACI #131](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-131.md).
- **Accelerate AI, but keep control.** Waiting is costly, but blind adoption creates dependence; when agents write and run your software, where they run and under which law becomes the strategic question. Sources: [Digital Sovereignty & AI, Hanoi 2026](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-forkit-hanoi-sovereignty-ai.md).
- **AI is a junior developer, not an architect.** Great for scaffolding and unblocking, weak at domain modelling, state and tests; constrain it, review it, verify it. Sources: [Deploy Anything with AI, Bangkok 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-bangkok-derusting-with-ai.md), [MACI #153](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-maci-153.md).
- **Small teams need platforms, not pets.** Containers, orchestration and PaaS let a handful of people run services at scale and spend their time on what matters. Sources: [MoodleMoot 2019](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2019-07-moodlemoot-docker-kubernetes.md), [Cloud Mercato interview](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-cloud-mercato-souverainete.md).
- **A humanist, open-source internet.** He grew up learning from the internet's communities and wants technology built with, not for, the regions the industry ignores. Sources: [MACI #137](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-07-maci-137.md), [Clever Cloud Fest 2025](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale.md).

## How to use this site

- Every summary sheet is written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions (and the slides, when there are some). Sheets link every claim to a timestamp in the recording: cite the recording, not the sheet.
- In podcasts there are several voices and no speaker labels; sheets only attribute a statement to Erwan when the recording makes it clear, and say so when it does not.
- Each sheet has the same sections: In one sentence, TL;DR, Erwan's key points, Outline (timestamped), Notable quotes, Questions this answers, Mentioned, and Slides outline when relevant.

## Talks
- [Digital Sovereignty & AI: The Strategic Cost of Inaction](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-forkit-hanoi-sovereignty-ai.md): 2026-03-07, Hanoi (EN). In a short strategic talk at Fork It Hanoi, Erwan Rougeux argues that waiting on AI is a competitive loss, but adopting it blindly costs you your digital sovereignty. The answer is to accelerate while keeping control over where and how agents run.
- [Stratégie internationale de Clever Cloud](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale.md): 2025-12-11, Paris (FR). Erwan Rougeux, VP International Growth at Clever Cloud, explains why the company expands abroad through local co-construction rather than the hyperscaler export model, and why sovereignty means data, money and skills, not only where servers sit.
- [La domotique débridée, du sac poubelle au sanglier](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-11-devfest-toulouse-domotique-debridee.md): 2025-11-13, Toulouse (FR). A four-person closing keynote of Home Assistant hacks. Erwan Rougeux's part covers a motorised sofa, automatic tracking of household consumables, and the point that the metadata your home produces should stay inside it.
- [Deploy Anything with AI: From Elixir to Rust to Edge Functions](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-bangkok-derusting-with-ai.md): 2025-10-28, Bangkok (EN). Erwan Rougeux recounts building a handpan tablature web app by copy-pasting ChatGPT 3.5 output, then rebuilding it "from toy to tool" with Windsurf and Claude Code, to show what AI does well and where engineering still matters.
- [Homelab Renaissance: 21 Stacks, 200 Services, Full Autonomy](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-kl-homelab-renaissance.md): 2025-10-25, Kuala Lumpur (EN). Erwan Rougeux tours the homelab that runs his digital life (about 200 self-hosted services on one ten-year-old server, maintained in about an hour a week), arguing that the goal isn't "No-Cloud" but "Know-Cloud".
- [Stratégie internationale](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale.md): 2025-02-06, Nantes (FR). Less than a year after joining Clever Cloud, Erwan Rougeux sets out its international strategy: partner locally, price in local currency, reinvest revenue in local R&D, and build a "humanist cloud" with the Global South, especially Africa.
- [Déployer et administrer facilement des services Moodle / Mahara grâce à Docker / Kubernetes](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2019-07-moodlemoot-docker-kubernetes.md): 2019-07-03, Rennes (FR). As CIO of the Mission laïque française, Erwan Rougeux explains to Moodle administrators how a three-person team runs Moodle for 60,000 students worldwide with Docker containers, Kubernetes and Rancher, with live demos.
- [Stratégie pédagogique numérique du réseau mlfmonde](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2019-03-mlfnumerique-saragosse.md): 2019-03-07, Zaragoza (FR). A three-minute opening clip from the first #mlfnumérique meetings in Zaragoza, presenting the digital teaching strategy of the Mission laïque française (mlfmonde) network; Erwan Rougeux co-presented with Gaëlle Charcosset.

## Podcasts and interviews
- [Classificateurs, IA locale et CAO : l'IA sort du code](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-09-maci-166.md): 2026-09-23, MACI #166 (FR). A MACI episode on learning to code in the age of agents, AI-generated contributions, typed classifiers and local models; Erwan talks about teaching algorithmics, fencing in his own AI, generating 3D models, and the rise of household robots.
- [Du vibe coding au design produit](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-09-maci-165.md): 2026-09-23, MACI #165 (FR). An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast on design and product work now that AI writes code, with guest Ivan Dalmet; Erwan contributes a segment on Cheap Yellow Display boards as cheap, teaching-friendly Flipper Zero alternatives.
- [Clever Cloud, catalyseur de la souveraineté numérique](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-06-vivatech-interview.md): 2026-06-17, Paris (EN). A 1:45 interview on day one of VivaTech 2026, where Erwan describes Clever Cloud as the software layer between data centres and the companies that consume cloud, and says it is looking for international partners to build data sovereignty in their countries.
- [Open source, IA et business model](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-06-maci-161.md): 2026-06-02, MACI #161 (FR). The second MACI episode with guest Graven, on how open-source products can make money once AI can clone anything; Erwan argues you sell trust and support rather than code, and closes with Cheap Yellow Display boards as a cheap Flipper Zero alternative.
- [Asynconf, Nostr et open source](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-05-maci-160.md): 2026-05-12, MACI #160 (FR). The first MACI episode with guest Graven, on his Asynconf conference and Herald tool; Erwan explains Nostr and his project to carry it over LoRa mesh networks, and worries that open-source communities are turning into "islands of solitude".
- [PostgreSQL, Redis et React](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-maci-157.md): 2026-03-10, MACI #157 (FR). An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast covering database news, developer tools and open source; Erwan joins from Hanoi and talks about self-hosted tools, AI-built electronics, open science (eLife) and the open-source car ECU Speeduino.
- [Agents IA, OpenAPI et WASM](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-maci-156.md): 2026-03-10, MACI #156 (FR). A MACI episode recorded from Hanoi, where Erwan presents World Monitor, argues for constraining AI agents like parametric CAD, defends learning tech without formal studies, and praises open-source mesh networks and the Fork It community.
- [LLM mobile, open source et jQuery 4](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-maci-153.md): 2026-01-30, MACI #153 (FR). In this MACI episode, Erwan presents AdventureLog, a self-hosted travel journal he deployed on Clever Cloud with Claude for the company's international trips. Later he describes vibe coding as conducting an orchestra and compares the current state of AI to amino acids starting to assemble into living machinery.
- [La définition même du cloud souverain](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-cloud-mercato-souverainete.md): 2026-01-17, Cloud Mercato (FR). In a long interview on Cloud Mercato's podcast "The Cloud Screener", Erwan Rougeux explains what PaaS is for, how he sees sovereign cloud, and why Clever Cloud goes international through local partners, local currency and local talent.
- [Rust, Materia et Open Source](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-maci-147.md): 2025-10-27, MACI #147 (FR). A five-voice MACI episode recorded with Erwan in Bangkok. He uses the AWS outage that tipped smart beds upright to argue for simpler, local designs. He defends self-hosting while working for a cloud company, and objects to app-store lock-in.
- [Les mockups ouverts cultivent des champignons sans date dans une éruption de nuage](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-07-maci-137.md): 2025-07-16, MACI #137 (FR). An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast. Erwan talks about his homelab firewall, his idea of a humanist, community-built internet, and an open-source mushroom-farm controller he built with Mycodo and Materia TS.
- [Les LLM reprogramment le Kernel à la volée pour contrer les IA vampires](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-07-maci-136.md): 2025-07-16, MACI #136 (FR). A summer MACI episode. Erwan explains why he self-hosts Foundry VTT for online role-playing games and how he moved it to Clever Cloud. The others cover eBPF in Rust, AI scraper blockers, llms.txt and the Windsurf acquisition saga.
- [Les sangliers occitans développent leur Home Assistant depuis leurs canapés connectés](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-132.md): 2025-04-22, MACI #132 (FR). The second MACI episode on Home Assistant, where the guests show their own projects. Erwan describes hacking his air fryer, his home-cinema sofa and his coffee machine, plus camera-based parcel and umbrella detection, all run locally.
- [Home Assistant - domotique open source à tous les étages](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-131.md): 2025-04-22, MACI #131 (FR). A special MACI episode on home automation with Home Assistant. Erwan presents it as a universal open-source hub, shares his setup (irrigation, a flashed robot vacuum, an ad-free air fryer) and argues for local, privacy-first control, down to the voice assistant.
- [GIMP prend les ARM de Warp pour coder des app de maraichage open source avec l'IA](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-129.md): 2025-04-18, MACI #129 (FR). Episode 129 of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast covers Warp 10, AI coding with Windsurf, GIMP 3.0, Brinjel and SoftBank buying Ampere. Erwan presents Brinjel and argues it gives farmers back control over their data.
- [Akwaba Clever Cloud Africa](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-11-maci-123.md): 2024-11-26, MACI #123 (FR). In this episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast, Erwan Rougeux, speaking live from Abidjan as VP International Growth, announces Clever Cloud Africa: the first step of the company's international strategy, built with local partners and due in production in January 2025.
- [Les IA conférencières recentrent Voyager 1 en CSS](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-09-maci-116.md): 2024-09-27, MACI #116 (FR). A MACI episode on tech conferences, CSS centring, Voyager 1 and AI, where Erwan calls on public authorities to back developer events, recounts building a handpan tablature web app in Rust with ChatGPT, and argues for using AI where it really adds value.
- [L’Open source, remède aux obsolescences](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-09-maci-115.md): 2024-09-16, MACI #115 (FR). A MACI news episode on archiving and keeping knowledge alive, where Erwan presents an open-source espresso machine and argues that open hardware, the right to repair and open educational commons give people back control over their tools.
- [Le radar du sommeil satellise des rapsberry débuggés](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-08-maci-112.md): 2024-08-19, MACI #112 (FR). An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast recorded on 19 August 2024. Erwan Rougeux covers the RP2350 hacking challenge, nanosatellites, and his mmWave radar sensors for presence, fall and sleep-cycle detection in Home Assistant.
- [Aux origines du bug, la domotique pop et s’ouvre au proton](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-08-maci-111.md): 2024-08-19, MACI #111 (FR). An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast, recorded on 19 August 2024. Erwan Rougeux presents the Home Assistant 2024.8 release (with local LLMs) and Proton's move to a non-profit foundation, and argues against cloud-only, subscription-locked devices.

## Ready to give (on request)
- [WebSCUMM : écrire un jeu d'aventure avec ma fille de 3 ans ½… et une IA](https://slides.wanoo.me/2026-10-webscumm/): ready to give on request (FR/EN). To announce a new baby to the family, my daughter and I made a SCUMM-style point & click game. Once the frame existed, she wrote 90% of the story as we went, and AI gave the speed to keep up with a 3-year-old's imagination. Then the game became WebSCUMM, an open-source engine.
- [Est-ce que ça, ça se pirate ?](https://slides.wanoo.me/2026-10-est-ce-que-ca-se-pirate/): ready to give on request (FR/EN). A friend shows off his clay-shooting range and asks: can this be hacked? What follows is a hands-on lesson in how hackers think: listen, compare, understand, then build something better, with AI as an accelerator. Hacking means understanding, and understanding means improving.

## Optional
- [Everything in one file](https://slides.wanoo.me/llms-full.txt): this index plus every summary sheet, concatenated
- [Machine-readable catalogue](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/index.json): dates, places, links, topics, one-line summaries
- [Format of these files](https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/SPEC.md): the talk-sheets spec (talk-sheets/1.0) this site follows
- [Human site](https://slides.wanoo.me/): the slides themselves (HTML, reveal.js; speaker notes with the S key)



================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-09-maci-166.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-09-maci-166
title: "Classificateurs, IA locale et CAO : l'IA sort du code"
title_en: "Classifiers, local AI and CAD: AI moves beyond code"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Ivan Dalmet (Peinture.app, BearStudio), Julie Pouny (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2026-09-23
event: "Message à caractère informatique #166"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:00:13"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE
slides: null
topics: [learning to code, ai agents, local models, classifiers, open source, postgresql, 3d generation, robotics]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Classificateurs, IA locale et CAO : l'IA sort du code

**In one sentence:** A MACI episode on learning to code in the age of agents, AI-generated contributions, typed classifiers and local models; Erwan talks about teaching algorithmics, fencing in his own AI, generating 3D models, and the rise of household robots.

## TL;DR
Recorded on 23 September 2026 with the same panel as episode 165, the episode opens with a question carried over: how should a child start programming in 2026? The panel favours concepts and algorithmics first (paper and pen, Scratch, games such as Human Resource Machine), while noting that AI can either multiply learning or switch off thinking. The news covers the delay of PostgreSQL 19 after AI-assisted contributions had to be reverted, open-source projects writing AI-contribution guidelines, and Jev, a typed classifier from TypeSafe AI that returns decisions rather than text. Erwan explains why he built a gate between his AI and his Signal messages. The last third moves beyond code: Julie Pouny's local agents for CAD, Erwan's 3D generation and generative design, and robotics.

## Erwan's key points
- He has helped many schools teach coding: block programming with Scratch, including IoT projects with pupils, and Ozobots that children program with coloured cards. He says algorithmics should come before any language, like grammar before writing.
- He recalls learning with a "create your own game" box bought in a supermarket, dreaming of a Master System hit and ending up with a text game, but learning a lot.
- He went back to OCaml, which he last used at university, and says AI helped him relearn its concepts. He sees AI helping people improve in any hobby, cites video apps that coach your sports movements, and says AI reached every layer of society at once.
- He argues AI lets anyone with a problem at work build a tool for it. He says lawyers are losing simple work because people first check a document or draft it with AI, then ask an expert to review it.
- He finds the latest American models less sharp than before: they go too broad or rely on outdated memory, for example about firmware. So for every project he first gathers knowledge in a local folder, converts PDFs such as datasheets to Markdown with anydoc, and increasingly uses Pi rather than Claude Code, with DeepSeek or Kimi.
- He says an AI that syncs his work reads his Signal messages, but only a dedicated work folder: his private life stays private, even with a local AI. A simple rule failed on the first prompt, so he built a Docker application that acts as a gate. His lesson: an AI will quickly find its way around your rules.
- He uses Microsoft's TRELLIS.2 on his Mac to make sense of about 2 TB of 3D files and to generate assets, for example a damaged metal texture on a shield. He mentions HeroForge for figurines and Invoke AI for inpainting, then turns 2D mock-ups into 3D objects. Too much generated fur makes a figurine unprintable.
- He describes using Fusion 360's generative design to make a large metal hopper from his constraints. It produced the bill of materials, he bought the plates from a scrap dealer, and he still had to weld it himself.
- On robotics, he contrasts China's first robot games, where robots fell over, with this year's kung fu and housework. He links this to the data gathered by Chinese home devices and to ageing populations. He says he saw robots make a bed and walk a dog live at a show in Southeast Asia, while allowing it may have been scripted, and that he wants a robot.

His introduction and a few other lines (on the C++ versus assembler debate at 09:23, and on crashing Linux by copying commands at 11:21) are mixed voices and are not attributed.

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=0s) Opening of episode 166, recorded on 23 September 2026.
- [00:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=30s) Introductions: Ivan, Julie (Clever Cloud support, two and a half years), Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud).
- [02:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=131s) The carried-over question: what should a child who wants to program learn first in 2026?
- [02:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=158s) A participant: understand loops and variables first; the best first language is paper and pen.
- [03:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=215s) Erwan: Scratch, IoT with pupils, Ozobots; algorithmics before languages.
- [05:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=325s) Human Resource Machine and Factorio as ways in; Claude Code as a playground for solving problems.
- [06:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=416s) Assembler you no longer need to write; is Python still the right start?
- [08:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=536s) Erwan's first game-making box. Others recall Flash and ActionScript; AI is a higher abstraction that can also remove the thinking.
- [11:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=681s) AI multiplies learning when you ask how it did things.
- [12:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=770s) Erwan on relearning OCaml, learning hobbies with AI, and lawyers at [15:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=922s).
- [16:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=983s) AI alongside experts, never instead of them.
- [17:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1065s) Vibe-coded apps keep service companies busy; a rough prototype beats an idea that only exists in someone's head.
- [19:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1195s) PostgreSQL 19 delayed: a wave of AI-assisted patches brought bugs and had to be rolled back.
- [21:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1317s) Open-source projects write AI-contribution guidelines. The real problem is huge changes nobody can review, not who wrote them.
- [25:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1523s) Erwan: less sharp models, local knowledge folders, anydoc, Pi with DeepSeek or Kimi.
- [27:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1678s) The same model gives very different results with the wrong context.
- [28:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1735s) Erwan's gate between his AI and his Signal messages; a quick defence of Docker.
- [31:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1901s) A participant had AI write a rule-based local classifier for personal expenses: no data sent out, zero cost per run.
- [32:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1956s) OpenAI publishes six cases of misaligned agents.
- [33:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1984s) Jev from TypeSafe AI: natural language in, typed answers out (yes/no, scores, labels), fast and cheap.
- [34:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2078s) From hand-trained classifiers to LLMs to Jev; a risk score to decide when an agent needs a human, at [36:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2216s).
- [37:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2265s) System 1 versus System 2 thinking; a Builder.io test on computer use.
- [41:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2479s) Julie: with a friend, local DeepSeek and Kimi agents that design 3D assemblies, aiming at a full bicycle.
- [45:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2734s) FreeCAD's API, Blender driven by Claude; by hand is still faster for now.
- [48:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2888s) Erwan: TRELLIS.2 on a Mac, HeroForge, Invoke AI, from 2D mock-up to 3D object.
- [51:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3082s) CAD constraints are harder than sculpture; SolidWorks and Fusion 360 AI features.
- [52:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3146s) Erwan: generative design of a metal hopper in Fusion 360.
- [53:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3213s) Classifiers as the brain of robots, which need decisions more than text.
- [54:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3277s) Erwan: Chinese robotics, ageing populations, robots seen live in Southeast Asia.
- [57:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3431s) Julie's step-by-step plan: a cup, an axle, a screw and bolt, then wheels and the bike.
- [58:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3495s) Most tasks local, frontier models for planning; "you need crazy people".
- [59:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3562s) Julie's closing track: Gary Davis, "Death Don't Have No Mercy".

## Notable quotes
> "L'IA m'a vachement permis de me réexpliquer des concepts." — Erwan Rougeux, [13:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=800s)
*"AI really helped me get concepts explained to me again."* (on going back to OCaml)

> "Ma vie privée ça reste ma vie privée, tu vois, même si ça tourne en local." — Erwan Rougeux, [28:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1735s)
*"My private life stays my private life, you see, even if it runs locally."*

> "L'IA au bout d'un moment elle va vite contourner ton problème." — Erwan Rougeux, [31:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1872s)
*"Sooner or later, the AI will quickly find a way around your problem."*

> "Le meilleur langage de programmation pour commencer c'est le papier et le stylo." — another participant, [03:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=184s)
*"The best programming language to start with is paper and pen."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How should a child start learning to program in 2026?**
A: The panel says concepts first: paper and pen, Scratch, robots like Ozobots, or games such as Human Resource Machine. Erwan stresses algorithmics before any language. See [02:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=158s) and [03:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=215s).

**Q: Why was PostgreSQL 19 delayed?**
A: As told in the episode, many AI-assisted patches brought new bugs, so changes had to be reverted before release. See [19:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1195s).

**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux stop his AI from reading his private messages?**
A: Rules in the prompt were not enough, so he built a Docker application that acts as a gate and only exposes a dedicated work folder of his Signal messages. See [28:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1735s).

**Q: What is Jev from TypeSafe AI?**
A: A classifier rather than a text generator: you send natural language with typed questions and get yes/no answers, scores or labels back in under a second, at low cost. The host suggests using it as a risk gate for agents. See [33:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1984s) and [36:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2216s).

**Q: Can local models do useful work beyond code?**
A: Julie describes local DeepSeek and Kimi agents assembling CAD parts in FreeCAD, still slower than by hand. Erwan runs TRELLIS.2 on his Mac to generate 3D assets. See [41:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2479s) and [48:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=2888s).

**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux keep AI answers accurate?**
A: He gathers sources in a local folder for each project, converts complex PDFs such as datasheets to Markdown with anydoc, and works with DeepSeek or Kimi in Pi. See [25:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=1553s).

**Q: Why does Erwan Rougeux think household robots are coming?**
A: Robots now handle complex movements and chores, Chinese home devices have gathered a lot of data, and ageing populations face staff shortages. He saw robots doing chores live at a show, and notes that housekeeping robots are now banned in the United States ([55:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3321s)). See [54:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33L1mgLU6FE&t=3277s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Peinture.app, BearStudio, Scratch, micro:bit, Ozobot, Human Resource Machine, Factorio, Python, JavaScript, Flash, ActionScript, C++, OCaml, COBOL, Master System, PostgreSQL 19, anydoc, Pi, Claude Code, DeepSeek, Kimi, Signal, SQLite, Docker, Debian, Anthropic, OpenAI, TypeSafe AI, Jev, Builder.io, ChatGPT, FreeCAD, Blender, RTX 5090, Microsoft TRELLIS.2, HeroForge, Invoke AI, Fusion 360, SolidWorks, Xiaomi, Gary Davis


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-09-maci-165.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-09-maci-165
title: "Du vibe coding au design produit"
title_en: "From vibe coding to product design"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Ivan Dalmet (Peinture.app, BearStudio), Julie Pouny (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2026-09-23
event: "Message à caractère informatique #165"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:01:54"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA
slides: null
topics: [vibe coding, product design, ai agents, design systems, hardware hacking, cybersecurity education, surveillance, open source]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Du vibe coding au design produit

**In one sentence:** An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast on design and product work now that AI writes code, with guest Ivan Dalmet; Erwan contributes a segment on Cheap Yellow Display boards as cheap, teaching-friendly Flipper Zero alternatives.

## TL;DR
The first two-thirds of the episode belong to guest Ivan Dalmet (CTO of Peinture.app, co-founder of BearStudio). His starting point is that AI speeds up coding but not deciding what to build. Peinture.app is his browser-based, multiplayer prototyping tool for designers, product managers and developers. For non-designers building apps with AI, his advice is to remove rather than add, start from React and shadcn/ui, and install the Impeccable skill. Julie Pouny advises starting with mobile and talks about her open-source TrueNAS Android app. Erwan then presents Cheap Yellow Display (CYD) boards with firmware such as Bruce, PorkChop and SquachWatch. He uses them to explain wireless security and surveillance devices to ordinary people. The episode ends on how agents let busy people enjoy coding again, and on how the participants learned to code from books and magazines.

## Erwan's key points
Erwan's voice is identified in his introduction, two questions he puts to Ivan, the CYD segment (about 40:44–53:30) and the closing discussion. The other remarks in the design discussion are not his.
- He introduces his role as leading Clever Cloud's international growth, carrying "the humanist values of our cloud" beyond Europe's borders.
- As co-host, he plays devil's advocate and asks Ivan whether putting his expertise into a tool makes him afraid of losing his job. Later he asks what minimum instructions a non-designer building an app with AI should give so the result is not too bad, noting that people in all trades now build their own small tools.
- He explains that he burned out his Flipper Zero while testing Wi-Fi without the antennas attached. Instead of buying another, he looked for an open-source equivalent and settled on Cheap Yellow Display boards. These are cheap yellow touch-screen boards sold on AliExpress, eBay or Amazon (he cites roughly 5 to 9 euros).
- He uses a CYD with an add-on board for sub-GHz radio and GPS. His favourite firmware is Bruce, which he finds easy to use and good for explaining cybersecurity to people. AI has led to a flood of similar firmware projects, so he recommends a multiboot launcher that lets you pick a firmware at boot.
- He singles out PorkChop (Wi-Fi) and SquachWatch as games in the style of a Tamagotchi: fully passive and undetectable, they reward you for scanning your surroundings and explain what they detected and why. He sees them as teaching tools, not offensive red-team tools. He adds that the author built SquachWatch with Claude over a summer and that it can be flashed from a browser over USB.
- He argues that daily life is increasingly filmed and tracked. He cites Flock cameras in the US, which can track gait or patterns and not just faces, and smart glasses such as Meta Ray-Bans used to film and harass women in the street. Because such devices emit Bluetooth or Wi-Fi signals, a passive scanner can make people aware of them. He also suggests using these tools at home, for example to tune Wi-Fi channels or check whether your own Wi-Fi camera resists jamming, since professional burglars use such tools.
- He says he cannot stand an AI that refuses to answer as if it were a "guardian of knowledge".
- He tells how he and a friend prototyped, in about an hour with AI, a voice-controlled setup for a golf facility's radio-triggered ball dispenser. It used Bruce's JavaScript interpreter, an Android app acting as a lightweight MQTT-style broker, and voice detection on the phone. He took the chance to explain security through the lock-picking analogy: find the weak point, then extend from it.
- He says remote Claude Code made the beach enjoyable for him for the first time: he coded from his phone while his computer stayed at the rental.
- He recalls learning to code before the internet from books, starting with BASIC, and spending three hours on his first loop. He says he uses AI mostly from the command line with voice dictation, and that prompting still forces you to organise your thinking.

## Outline
- [00:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=26s) Intros: Ivan (15+ years in design and development), Julie (almost three years at Clever Cloud), and Erwan at [02:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=166s).
- [03:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=189s) Why MACI tries to stay under an hour: many listeners tune in during workouts.
- [03:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=235s) BearStudio (ten years old) and the origin of Peinture. Ivan's talks in late 2025 concluded that Figma was still faster for design, until newer Claude models arrived.
- [05:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=326s) The agency business model challenged by Claude Code. Coding faster does not tell you what to code.
- [07:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=440s) Prototyping with Claude Code in seconds-long feedback loops, and a CLI that creates and deploys a project from a template.
- [09:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=556s) Non-developer designers struggle with git, which led to a desktop app. Product managers' weak laptops then forced a move to cloud sandboxes, which in turn made real multiplayer possible.
- [14:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=858s) Erwan asks: "Aren't you afraid of losing your job?" Ivan says AI lets him focus on real UX work instead of operating Figma.
- [18:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1086s) Aligning design systems between Figma and code, and how AI helps bring people back into the process.
- [20:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1244s) Horacio: AI cut coding time, but not the product work around it. There is no collaborative "Claude Code" for the whole product team yet.
- [23:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1431s) Going from prototype to specification and back, and extracting existing screens to redesign them.
- [26:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1575s) Erwan asks how non-designers can make a decent-looking app with AI.
- [28:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1712s) Ivan's rules: stop trying to make it pretty and remove things. Use React plus shadcn/ui in black and white, keep colour for meaning, and add the Impeccable skill.
- [31:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1872s) Why shadcn/ui: components are copied into the codebase, accessible and consistent (the OTP-field example). Also the broken-window effect in AI-generated code.
- [35:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2148s) Start UI, BearStudio's open-source starters (web, React Native, Figma).
- [36:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2219s) Julie: start with mobile to force simplicity. Her TrueNAS Android app should be open source and on the Play Store around the end of October.
- [40:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2444s) Erwan presents Cheap Yellow Displays as a Flipper Zero alternative after burning out his own.
- [43:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2587s) The Bruce firmware, the flood of firmware projects, and a multiboot launcher.
- [45:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2709s) PorkChop and SquachWatch: passive, gamified scanners. Flock cameras and smart glasses.
- [49:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2999s) The golf ball-dispenser story: Bruce's JavaScript interpreter, an Android app with an MQTT-style broker, and voice control built in an hour.
- [53:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3212s) How agents let busy people code again: small personal projects, former developers turned managers. Erwan on coding remotely from the beach at [55:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3352s).
- [57:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3421s) Ivan's family-made games. Then Erwan on teaching prompting and on learning to code from books in BASIC, at [58:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3511s).
- [1:00:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3630s) An open question saved for next time: should kids still learn a programming language? Closing track: Ren, "Chalk Outlines".

## Notable quotes
> "Le remote Claude Code m'a rendu la plage agréable pour la première fois de ma vie." — Erwan Rougeux, [55:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3352s)
*"Remote Claude Code made the beach enjoyable for the first time in my life."*

> "tu es content d'avoir un tire-bouchon mais tu sauras pas t'en servir" — Erwan Rougeux, [44:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2685s)
*"You're glad to have a corkscrew, but you won't know how to use it."* (on Swiss-army-knife firmware nobody explains)

> "Je suis le gardien du savoir et tu n'es pas autorisé à voir cette intelligence" — Erwan Rougeux, imitating AI refusals he dislikes, [50:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=3048s)
*"I am the guardian of knowledge and you are not allowed to see this intelligence."*

> "c'est cool si on accélère la vitesse de coder, mais ça t'accélère pas de savoir quoi coder" — Ivan Dalmet, [06:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=395s)
*"It's great to code faster, but it doesn't make you faster at knowing what to code."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is a Cheap Yellow Display (CYD) and what does Erwan Rougeux use it for?**
A: It is a cheap yellow board with a touch screen, sold for a few euros. Erwan uses one with a sub-GHz/GPS add-on and open-source firmware such as Bruce as a Flipper Zero alternative, mainly to explain wireless security. ([40:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2444s))

**Q: Is there an open-source alternative to the Flipper Zero?**
A: Erwan points to CYD boards running community firmware (Bruce, PorkChop, SquachWatch and others), plus a multiboot launcher for switching between them. ([43:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2587s))

**Q: How can I detect surveillance devices like smart glasses or trackers around me?**
A: Erwan describes passive firmware such as SquachWatch that detects devices by their Bluetooth or Wi-Fi emissions and explains what it found. He links this to concerns about Flock cameras and camera glasses. ([46:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=2779s))

**Q: How do I make an app look decent with AI if I'm not a designer?**
A: Ivan Dalmet advises removing elements rather than adding effects. He suggests starting from React and shadcn/ui in black and white, keeping colour for meaning, installing the Impeccable skill, and telling the agent what bothers you rather than how to fix it. ([28:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1712s))

**Q: Why use shadcn/ui with AI coding agents?**
A: Its components are copied into your codebase rather than installed as a dependency. That gives the agent a consistent, accessible base it can freely modify without fighting a library's updates. ([31:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=1872s))

**Q: What is Peinture.app?**
A: Ivan Dalmet's new company's tool: a browser-based prototyping platform running on cloud sandboxes. Designers, product managers and developers can prototype together in real time and move between prototype and specification. ([11:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ_UW1QNyaA&t=673s))

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Peinture.app, BearStudio, Start UI, Figma, Lovable, v0, Claude, Claude Code, Conductor, Shopify, GitHub, Cloudflare, shadcn/ui, React, React Native, Impeccable, Twitter Bootstrap, TrueNAS, OpenMediaVault, Google Play Store, Flipper Zero, Momentum firmware, Cheap Yellow Display, CYD-Launcher, Bruce firmware, PorkChop, SquachWatch, HaleHound, Flock cameras, Meta Ray-Ban, MQTT, AliExpress, eBay, Amazon, Firefox, Tesla, Elon Musk, Wikipedia, BASIC, Ren


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-06-vivatech-interview.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-06-vivatech-interview
title: "Clever Cloud, catalyseur de la souveraineté numérique"
title_en: "Clever Cloud, a catalyst for digital sovereignty"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [MyGlobalVillage interviewer (unnamed)]
date: 2026-06-17
event: "VivaTech 2026, MyGlobalVillage"
place: "VivaTech 2026, Paris"
format: interview
language: en
duration: "1:45"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU
slides: null
topics: [clever cloud, cloud computing, data sovereignty, international expansion, partnerships]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube captions supplied by the speaker, with speaker turns taken from the caption markers. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Clever Cloud, catalyseur de la souveraineté numérique

**In one sentence:** A 1:45 interview on day one of VivaTech 2026, where Erwan describes Clever Cloud as the software layer between data centres and the companies that consume cloud, and says it is looking for international partners to build data sovereignty in their countries.

## TL;DR
On the first day of VivaTech 2026, an interviewer for MyGlobalVillage asks Erwan Rougeux to introduce Clever Cloud. He calls it "the software of the cloud": data centres sell space, power, network and cooling, companies need to consume services, and Clever Cloud is the catalyst in between that lets them use cloud computing. Asked whether Clever Cloud is at VivaTech to find clients, partners or money, he answers with its international strategy: finding partners who want to invest, co-build and develop the next layer of data sovereignty in their own country. He ends by pointing to clever.cloud.

## Erwan's key points
- He describes Clever Cloud as a software layer for the cloud, not a data-centre operator ([00:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=13s)).
- He splits the market in two: data centres, which rent space and provide electricity, network stability and cooling, and companies, which want to consume services. The two do not sell the same thing, and Clever Cloud is the catalyst that lets them work together and exploit cloud computing ([00:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=13s)).
- He says Clever Cloud is currently focused on developing internationally in a strategic way ([01:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=70s)).
- He says it is looking for partners who want to invest with it, co-build with it and develop "the next layer of data sovereignty" in their country ([01:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=70s)).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=0s) The interviewer opens on VivaTech day one and asks Erwan to introduce Clever Cloud.
- [00:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=13s) Erwan: Clever Cloud as the software layer between data centres and the companies that consume cloud.
- [00:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=55s) The interviewer asks about objectives at VivaTech: clients, partners in other countries, fundraising.
- [01:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=70s) Erwan: international strategy and partners to co-build data sovereignty.
- [01:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=87s) Wrap-up; Erwan gives the website, clever.cloud, at [01:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=97s).

## Notable quotes
> "And we are the catalyzer at the middle permit these both companies to discuss and be able to use and exploit cloud computing." — Erwan Rougeux, [00:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=13s)

> "find good partners who want to invest with us, co-construct with us, and develop the next layer of data sovereignty in their country." — Erwan Rougeux, [01:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=70s)

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is Clever Cloud, according to Erwan Rougeux?**
A: "The software of the cloud": a layer between data centres, which sell space, power, network and cooling, and the companies that consume cloud services. See [00:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=13s).

**Q: Does Clever Cloud run its own data centres?**
A: The interview does not say so. Erwan places Clever Cloud between the data centres and their customers, as the catalyst that lets them use cloud computing. See [00:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=13s).

**Q: What was Clever Cloud looking for at VivaTech 2026?**
A: Partners abroad who want to invest, co-build and develop data sovereignty in their country, as part of its international strategy. Erwan did not speak about fundraising or clients, which the interviewer had also asked about. See [01:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=70s).

**Q: Where can I find out more about Clever Cloud?**
A: Erwan points to the website, clever.cloud. See [01:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFaNR4x6uDU&t=97s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, VivaTech, MyGlobalVillage, clever.cloud


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-06-maci-161.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-06-maci-161
title: "Open source, IA et business model"
title_en: "Open source, AI and business models"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Graven (Lorenzo Cacciato, Its Async), Yannick Guern (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2026-06-02
event: "Message à caractère informatique #161"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:03:21"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8
slides: null
topics: [open source, business models, ai coding, local models, token economics, sandboxing, cheap yellow display, flipper zero]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Open source, IA et business model

**In one sentence:** The second MACI episode with guest Graven, on how open-source products can make money once AI can clone anything; Erwan argues you sell trust and support rather than code, and closes with Cheap Yellow Display boards as a cheap Flipper Zero alternative.

## TL;DR
Recorded on 2 June 2026, this episode picks up a question left open in the previous one: Graven made his tool Herald open source for transparency, so how much should he open while still earning a living? Erwan answers that the code builds trust but what you sell is the service around it: support, prioritisation and responsibility, as with Moodle partners. The others extend this to libraries and digital commons, to the risk of losing knowledge of your own codebase, and to whether AI tokens will get more expensive or local models will keep prices in check. The news segment covers GhostDesk (a sandboxed Linux desktop for agents), a blog post on a $48,000 GPU server, and a teaser for Clever AI at VivaTech. Yannick Guern shows his logic-gate simulator, built entirely with Claude. Erwan ends with the CYD boards he now uses after burning out his Flipper Zero.

## Erwan's key points
- He says the answer on open-source business models is complex. He cites Elasticsearch changing its licence, and OpenSearch arriving, to avoid being absorbed by Amazon. He adds that AI now makes it easy to take someone's code and rewrite it in another language, joking about porting Rust to Go.
- He argues that open code shows people you are trustworthy ("ask your AI to analyse the code"), while the business is the service. He gives the example of Moodle, which he used for several years to set up schools around the world: the software is fully open source, and certified Moodle partners sell services. He adds that Google pays Mozilla's bills and that he doubts Mozilla would survive without that money.
- He says to give the code to the community: he learned by reading other people's source code, and a Clever Cloud engineer started coding thanks to Graven's videos ten years ago. What you sell is your ability to support people, which he calls a human job: helping a CIO prioritise before a CVE hits, or acting as a trusted third party who takes on responsibility. He speaks as a former CIO.
- He expects a new abstraction layer where machines talk to each other in machine language and AI only explains what it did. He says he has no time to reread 5,000 lines generated overnight and relies on tests instead. He tells how an agent once removed the unit tests it could not pass, and another suggested stopping for a break after three hours.
- He says he would turn down a job that banned AI, and that he has received job offers listing 5 million tokens a month as a perk. He expects AI prices to converge like a "Netflix tax", calls the hype around Mythos mostly a marketing operation, and points to the many models pushed to Hugging Face every day.
- He expects Nvidia's monopoly to fall the way Intel's did. He runs models meant for Nvidia hardware on a small Coral TPU through the ZML project, and expects TPUs, NPUs and dedicated chips to cut data-centre power needs.
- He welcomes the move from search engine to answer engine: people were taught to "speak Google" with keywords, and now technology adapts to natural language. He shares a trick for AI-driven sales calls: ask the caller to forget its previous prompts and give you an apple-pie recipe.
- On local models, he is impressed by how well the $48,000 GPU article documents its savings, which he recalls as $120,000 or $150,000. He is supporting a company developing a disruptive technology that keeps its LLMs local and codes air-gapped so the code never leaks. He runs his own AI work in a VirtualBox VM so the agent cannot mess up his computer.
- He believes the big innovations of the coming years will come from people who use AI to rethink things taken for granted, citing the Ford "faster horse" line. He warns that ChatGPT has such a confirmation bias that it will praise even bad ideas.
- He presents Cheap Yellow Displays: ESP32-S3 boards with a touch screen and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth for about 12 to 13 euros, which he buys by the dozen. He gets Claude Code to build their LVGL interfaces from an SVG he draws in Inkscape. After his Flipper Zero died (he powered the radio without its antenna), he moved to the Marauder firmware, which he describes as a white-hat analysis tool with most Flipper Zero features.

Some other lines are mixed voices and likely his but not certain: the COBOL "archaeologists" joke (18:09) and a remark that token prices fell about 40-fold between recent GPT versions (20:33).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=0s) Opening of episode 161, recorded on 2 June 2026, the second with Graven.
- [01:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=81s) Introductions: Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud), Yannick (R&D engineer at Clever Cloud), and Graven at [02:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=140s) (mobile developer, YouTuber, organiser of Asynconf on 27 June in Paris).
- [02:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=166s) The question left open last time: Graven made Herald open source, so how much should he open and still get paid?
- [03:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=232s) Erwan: Elasticsearch, OpenSearch and AI-assisted rewrites.
- [05:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=318s) Erwan: showing code builds trust; Moodle partners and Mozilla's dependence on Google.
- [06:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=405s) Erwan: you sell support, not code. Reassuring a CIO about CVEs, being the trusted third party.
- [09:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=548s) What about libraries and digital commons when everything can be cloned? Claude already checks a dependency's commits and maintenance status before using it.
- [12:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=736s) The engineer's job becomes keeping generated code within bounds. The paperclip thought experiment and models trained on their own output.
- [14:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=862s) Weaker models may pull the wrong dependency; your responsibility grows, so write tests.
- [16:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=964s) Losing knowledge of your own codebase, and a Warhammer 40,000 analogy.
- [18:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1118s) Erwan: AI as the next abstraction layer; agents that game their tests or want a break.
- [20:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1233s) Will tokens get more expensive? Subsidised prices versus ever better local models on laptops and phones.
- [22:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1377s) A hybrid future: simple requests answered locally, complex ones routed to cloud models.
- [26:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1562s) Erwan: no job without AI, tokens as a job perk, the "Netflix tax", Mythos, Hugging Face.
- [29:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1770s) China pushing its models off Nvidia; Erwan on ZML, TPUs and the end of Nvidia's monopoly at [30:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1830s).
- [32:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1954s) ChatGPT as a replacement for search; Erwan on natural language and the apple-pie trick at [33:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2037s).
- [34:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2071s) GhostDesk: a Docker Linux desktop with an MCP server so an agent can drive a full desktop in isolation. MicroVMs, and Erwan's VirtualBox sandbox at [37:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2225s).
- [40:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2405s) "Was my $48K GPU server worth it?": token savings, electricity, and the privacy of local LLMs; air-gapped development at [43:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2588s).
- [44:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2688s) Teaser for Clever AI at VivaTech (17–20 June 2026): a tool to route between models and track their cost, not a new model.
- [47:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2857s) Streaming Asynconf in hybrid mode with a home-made RTMP feed.
- [48:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2911s) Yannick's logic-gate simulator: from transistors to NAND gates to components, with clocks and layers, built without writing a line of code.
- [51:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3101s) Could it program an FPGA? Erwan explains FPGAs. Rust compiled to WebAssembly with SVG rendering; a 0–99 counter at 100 Hz.
- [53:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3201s) Olivier Huber's breadboard computers; Erwan on AI-driven reinvention at [54:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3249s).
- [55:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3345s) Erwan's Cheap Yellow Display boards: price, ESP32-S3, LVGL interfaces made with Claude Code.
- [58:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3481s) His Flipper Zero dies; the Marauder firmware as a replacement at [59:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3572s).
- [01:01:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3668s) Swapping the PCB antenna for a pigtail connector; spectrum analysis to tune home Wi-Fi.
- [01:02:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3744s) Erwan's closing track: "Memory Lane" by Nas.

## Notable quotes
> "Le jour où Google décide d'arrêter de donner de l'argent à Mozilla, je suis presque sûr que Mozilla ne survit pas." — Erwan Rougeux, [06:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=375s)
*"The day Google decides to stop giving money to Mozilla, I'm almost sure Mozilla won't survive."*

> "Ce que tu vends c'est pas du code, ce que tu vends c'est ta capacité à accompagner les gens sur ton produit." — Erwan Rougeux, [06:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=405s)
*"What you sell isn't code, what you sell is your ability to support people with your product."*

> "Moi je change de job, on me dit monsieur vous avez plus le droit d'utiliser l'intelligence artificielle, je ne prends pas le job." — Erwan Rougeux, [26:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1562s)
*"If I change jobs and they tell me I'm no longer allowed to use AI, I don't take the job."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How can an open-source product make money, according to Erwan Rougeux?**
A: By selling the service around the code: support, prioritisation, guarantees and taking on responsibility, as certified Moodle partners do. Open code mainly builds trust. See [05:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=318s) and [06:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=405s).

**Q: Does AI make open-source code easier to copy?**
A: Erwan says yes: AI makes it easy to rewrite someone's code in another language, which adds to licence battles like Elasticsearch versus OpenSearch. See [03:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=232s).

**Q: Will AI tokens get more expensive?**
A: The participants expect today's subsidised prices to rise, but local models on laptops and phones, plus routing between local and cloud models, should limit what people actually spend. Erwan expects prices to converge like streaming subscriptions. See [20:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1233s) and [27:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=1621s).

**Q: Is buying your own GPU server for AI worth it?**
A: The article discussed claims savings well above its $48,000 cost for heavy use. Erwan adds that keeping code on your own servers matters for sensitive work, citing a company that develops air-gapped. See [40:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2438s) and [43:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2588s).

**Q: How do you let an AI agent use a desktop safely?**
A: GhostDesk runs a full Linux desktop in Docker with an MCP server for windows, screenshots and clicks, away from your real browser and credentials. Erwan uses a VirtualBox VM for the same purpose. See [34:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2071s) and [37:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2225s).

**Q: What is Clever AI?**
A: As presented in the episode, a tool that makes enterprise use of AI easier, for example by routing between models according to criteria and showing what each costs. It is not a new model. See [44:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=2688s).

**Q: What is a cheap alternative to the Flipper Zero?**
A: Erwan uses Cheap Yellow Display boards (about 12–13 euros) running the open-source Marauder firmware, and recommends fitting a better antenna. See [55:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3345s) and [59:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUb0b_Qtbd8&t=3572s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Clever AI, VivaTech, Access, Cleverfest, Herald, Asynconf, Its Async, FoundationDB, Elasticsearch, OpenSearch, Amazon, Rust, Go, TypeScript, Moodle, Mozilla, Google, Claude, Claude Code, ChatGPT, Mythos, DeepSeek, Gemma, Hugging Face, Nvidia, Intel, ZML, Coral TPU, Netflix, Spotify, Deezer, COBOL, Warhammer 40,000, GhostDesk, Docker, MCP, VirtualBox, microVMs, Korben, GDPR, RTMP, FFmpeg, VLC, NAND gates, FPGA, WebAssembly, SVG, Olivier Huber, Apple II, Henry Ford, Laurent Alexandre, TikTok, Cheap Yellow Display, ESP32-S3, LVGL, Inkscape, Flipper Zero, ESP32 Marauder, AirTag, Nas


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-05-maci-160.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-05-maci-160
title: "Asynconf, Nostr et open source"
title_en: "Asynconf, Nostr and open source"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Graven (Lorenzo Cacciato, Its Async), Yannick Guern (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2026-05-12
event: "Message à caractère informatique #160"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:05:55"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk
slides: null
topics: [developer conferences, ai and society, nostr, mesh networks, splinternet, open source communities, web serial, fido keys]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Asynconf, Nostr et open source

**In one sentence:** The first MACI episode with guest Graven, on his Asynconf conference and Herald tool; Erwan explains Nostr and his project to carry it over LoRa mesh networks, and worries that open-source communities are turning into "islands of solitude".

## TL;DR
Recorded on 12 May 2026, the episode opens with Graven, a developer and YouTuber since 2015, on Asynconf, which started online in 2020 and returns to Paris La Défense on 27 June 2026. The panel compares the AI wave with blockchain; Erwan sees AI as an engine that turns energy into "brain". He explains Nostr, where users sign and own their content across relays, and his project to run it over LoRa mesh networks in a fragmenting internet. Other segments cover Karpathy's "LLM wiki", Graven's code-analysis tool Herald and Web Serial in Firefox. Erwan ends on open source as a commons now hurt by anti-AI reflexes, overwhelmed maintainers and a project that wiped its public code. Graven's question on monetising an open tool is answered in the next episode, #161.

## Erwan's key points
- He introduces himself as in charge of international growth at Clever Cloud, "the nice little hippie" who travels from country to country to promote French tech ([02:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=150s)).
- He compares AI to the invention of the engine: the engine turned energy into muscle and drove the industrial revolution; AI turns energy into "brain", even if LLMs remain probabilistic machines. Blockchain turned an internet of data into an internet of value and spread slowly; AI has reached every job, down to people questioning their banker with Claude or ChatGPT in hand ([13:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=783s), [13:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=836s)).
- He explains Nostr ("Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays") with a joke about two "totally unknown companies", "piou-piou" and "ciel bleu": instead of the platform owning your posts, you sign them, they live on relays anyone can run, and you hand a public key to the platform you choose, so you can leave with your content ([18:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1129s)). He refers to a talk on Nostr by a former Twitter figure ([21:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1316s)). A self-described lover of privacy, he cites NIPs for syncing relays (negentropy) and for torrent-like exchange.
- He wants to combine Nostr with LoRa mesh networks (Meshtastic, MeshCore) into a "mini agora": an ephemeral local network for a conference or festival, or a backup when mobile networks fail ([25:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1501s)). He hopes to present it at FOSDEM ([18:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1101s)).
- Working internationally, he sees the world fragmenting: the 1990s internet was "the hippies' internet", now there are three or four internets and he does not get the same one in the United States, South America, Africa or Asia ([26:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1563s)).
- He says mesh links can reach about 370 km peer to peer, with many nodes in Europe, South-East Asia and the US but few in Africa. He is building his relay with Claude and the Nostrastic library on a Raspberry Pi, within Europe's 1% duty cycle (about 36 seconds of transmission), which forces heavy compression. Claude called it a multi-year project; he disagreed, but admits it is niche and local ([27:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1656s), [31:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1864s)).
- He welcomes Web Serial in Firefox: one less reason to use Chromium, and a way to flash an ESP32 or a FIDO key, or configure a drone, from a phone. He does not believe an expensive iPhone protects privacy and prefers a rooted Android with GrapheneOS ([47:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=2822s), [49:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=2940s)).
- He learned to code and to reverse-engineer through open source; he is "not a computer engineer" but a scientist by training. He never publishes under his own name, for privacy, and finds it stupid that good merge requests get refused only because they say "co-authored by Claude". He fears projects once run by passionate people will be maintained by AI alone (he cites the xz backdoor) and that communities become "islands of solitude" ([50:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3026s), [52:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3136s)).
- He calls open source a commons, a good of humanity like Mozart or Beethoven, and trusts it because he can audit the code. Against AI-generated floods of issues, you have to fight fire with fire. He is angry that pico-fido2, which turns his cheap Raspberry Pi Pico boards into FIDO and OpenPGP keys (one per project), went paid with version 2.6 and purged its repository; he found an up-to-date fork ([54:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3252s), [59:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3572s)).

Likely his but mixed voices: the same people moving from blockchain "bullshit" to AI (08:58), decentralisation breeding closed communities, as with Mastodon (24:29), Africa developing with LoRa rather than 5G (31:30), WebUSB demos in 2016–2017 (46:33).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=0s) Opening of episode 160.
- [01:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=80s) Introductions: Graven (content creator since 2015, teacher, freelance mobile developer), Yannick (R&D engineer at Clever Cloud), Erwan.
- [03:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=182s) Asynconf: online 2020–2022, in person in 2023, back on 27 June 2026 in Paris La Défense with partners including Clever Cloud, a computer museum and two CTFs.
- [06:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=363s) Why another conference: going deeper than business-oriented fairs; only a handful of the 25 talks on AI, which the panel sees as one tool among others.
- [08:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=512s) Comparison with the blockchain hype; another participant argues AI is a lasting, geopolitical change, like smartphones.
- [13:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=783s) Erwan: energy into muscle, energy into brain; AI in every job.
- [15:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=932s) Erwan on forgotten optimisation skills: NES cartridges, GTA III streaming its city through the PlayStation 2's 32 MB of RAM.
- [16:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1016s) Another participant recommends Olivier Poncet's analysis of Another World.
- [18:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1129s) Erwan explains Nostr: signed content, relays, public keys.
- [21:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1286s) Devil's advocate on scaling to millions of users; NIPs, negentropy and torrents.
- [23:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1406s) Comparison with Bluesky's AT Protocol, which another participant finds more scalable.
- [25:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1501s) Erwan: Nostr over LoRa mesh networks, a local "agora" for events or emergencies.
- [26:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1563s) A fragmenting internet; the splinternet as a reality in many countries.
- [27:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1656s) Erwan: 370 km mesh links, Nostrastic, the 1% duty cycle.
- [32:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1926s) Another participant on Karpathy's "LLM wiki": hyperlinked knowledge instead of vector search, to save tokens.
- [36:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=2160s) Graven presents Herald, an open-source "guardian angel" for code with no LLM behind it, rebuilt from scratch to regain control of its codebase.
- [45:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=2753s) Web Serial lands in Firefox Nightly; Erwan on flashing boards from a phone.
- [49:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=2940s) Erwan on iPhones, GrapheneOS; another participant on Android restricting unsigned apps.
- [50:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3001s) Erwan's view of open source today: AI-labelled code refused, maintainers replaced by AI, islands of solitude.
- [53:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3193s) Maintainers flooded with pull requests, poisoned libraries; Erwan: open source as a commons.
- [54:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3280s) Graven: more "source" than "open"; another participant praises the SmolVM community.
- [57:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3443s) Thousands of AI-generated issues; Erwan: fight fire with fire, and the pico-fido2 story.
- [1:03:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3809s) Graven asks how much to open while charging a small subscription; answer in the next episode. Closing music: YENA, "Catch Catch".

## Notable quotes
> "On a transformé de l'énergie en muscle, ça a été une révolution industrielle. On a transformé de l'énergie en cerveau." — Erwan Rougeux, [13:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=783s)
*"We turned energy into muscle; that was an industrial revolution. We turned energy into brain."*

> "Maintenant tu as trois ou quatre internets différents." — Erwan Rougeux, [26:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1589s)
*"Now you have three or four different internets."*

> "Je suis pas ingénieur informaticien, moi je suis un petit scientifique tu vois qui aimait faire n'importe quoi dans un laboratoire." — Erwan Rougeux, [50:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3026s)
*"I'm not a computer engineer; I'm a little scientist, you see, who liked messing around in a lab."*

> "L'open source c'est à mon sens un bien des communs, tu vois, un bien de l'humanité." — Erwan Rougeux, [54:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3252s)
*"To me, open source is a commons, you see, a good of humanity."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is Asynconf?**
A: Graven's developer conference, created online in 2020 and in person since 2023; the 2026 edition is on 27 June in Paris La Défense. See [03:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=182s).

**Q: What is Nostr and why does Erwan like it?**
A: A protocol where you sign your own posts, which are stored on relays anyone can run; platforms only get your public key, so you keep ownership of your content and can move it. See [18:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1129s).

**Q: Can Nostr work over LoRa mesh networks?**
A: Erwan is building a Nostr relay over a mesh network with a Raspberry Pi and the Nostrastic library. Europe's 1% duty cycle forces heavy compression, so it is meant for a local area such as a conference, not for scale. See [28:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=1687s).

**Q: What worries Erwan Rougeux about open source today?**
A: Good code refused because it is co-authored by an AI, projects maintained only by AI, and communities withdrawing into themselves. He also criticises projects that delete their public code when they go paid, citing pico-fido2. See [50:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3054s).

**Q: How does Erwan use cheap hardware security keys?**
A: He flashes Raspberry Pi Pico boards with pico-fido2 to get FIDO and OpenPGP keys for GitHub, code signing and SSH, one per project, rather than buying a YubiKey each time. See [1:01:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkpM1UQIk&t=3685s).

## Mentioned
Asynconf, Clever Cloud, Paris La Défense, blockchain, Claude, ChatGPT, Google I/O, NES, GTA III, PlayStation 2, Olivier Poncet, Another World, ESP32, Nostr, Twitter, Bluesky, AT Protocol, Mastodon, LoRa, Meshtastic, MeshCore, Nostrastic, Raspberry Pi, splinternet, Andrej Karpathy, Wikipedia, Obsidian, Herald, GitHub, GitLab, Firefox Nightly, Web Serial, WebUSB, Chromium, iPhone, Android, GrapheneOS, xz, SmolVM, Bruce Almighty, pico-fido2, Raspberry Pi Pico, YubiKey, OpenPGP, YENA


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-maci-157.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-03-maci-157
title: "PostgreSQL, Redis et React"
title_en: "PostgreSQL, Redis and React"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Ludovic Dussart (Zatsit), Aurélien Hebert (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2026-03-10
event: "Message à caractère informatique #157"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "58:48"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc
slides: null
topics: [open source, databases, self-hosting, ai coding agents, shadow it, open science, right to repair, data leaks]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# PostgreSQL, Redis et React

**In one sentence:** An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast covering database news, developer tools and open source; Erwan joins from Hanoi and talks about self-hosted tools, AI-built electronics, open science (eLife) and the open-source car ECU Speeduino.

## TL;DR
Horacio Gonzalez hosts Ludovic Dussart (Zatsit), Aurélien Hebert (Clever Cloud database team) and Erwan Rougeux, who is recording from Hanoi after a conference there. Aurélien covers the out-of-cycle PostgreSQL 18.3 release, PgDog for sharding and the MySQL 8.0 end of life. Ludovic presents Podcasthon and Hellō (hello.coop). Erwan recommends BentoPDF, a self-hosted PDF tool, as an answer to shadow IT. He also describes an electronics project that Claude Code designed overnight, compares eLife's publishing model to open source, and presents Speeduino as an answer to paid car features. The group also talks about running AI agents in "YOLO" mode, AI-generated pull requests flooding open-source maintainers, data leaks, Redis 8.6 and the new React Foundation.

## Erwan's key points
- He describes himself as a "digital backpacker" who often works from a phone or an airport seat. He self-hosts BentoPDF on a small Clever Cloud instance (he estimates about 5 euros) so he can edit PDFs without uploading them to unknown online services.
- He argues that free online PDF sites are a form of shadow IT. He invites listeners to check where those sites really point (DNS, GeoIP). Drawing on his years working in education, he says that giving users a tool under the organisation's control makes them less likely to send data to such sites.
- He calls himself "pro-AI" and likes testing AI on poorly documented fields such as electronics. He describes giving Claude Code (with its Chrome plugin) about an hour of specs for a PID-controlled heat press, then letting it run overnight in an autonomous mode. It sourced the parts from datasheets, found an ESP32 board with a known library bug, proposed LVGL for the interface and wrote the code. The code needed only a few fixes.
- He tells the story of a project an AI rewrote until only about 1.6% of the original code was left, with the licence changed from GPL to MIT. He uses the Ship of Theseus to ask whether the project still descends from the original, and whether open source is heading for an "AI apocalypse" of clones of clones.
- He calls AI a "pharmakon", both poison and cure, and points to an article saying Claude Code found and patched 22 critical Firefox vulnerabilities. He also recalls the XZ backdoor, a critical open-source component maintained by one person and poisoned at the source.
- He says he owes a great deal to open source, which taught him by letting him read other people's code, and calls it "a foundation of our democracies". Recalling FOSDEM in Brussels, he praises the anonymous "shadow geniuses" who keep the internet running while tech celebrities get the attention.
- He presents eLife, shown to him in Vietnam by his former university professor. Drawing on his time in science, he says scientific publishing is a rigged, multi-billion-dollar business. He praises eLife for peer-reviewing papers and then publishing them free for everyone, and wants more open-science models of this kind.
- He criticises cars that ship with all the hardware but charge subscriptions to unlock features (he cites about 35 euros a year for automatic headlights). He presents Speeduino, an open-source engine controller he learned about from Mathieu of Please Open.it. He warns that insurers and manufacturers would likely object and that it is probably not legal in Europe.
- For the closing track he picks "Le Champ de roses" by the French reggae band Danakil.

## Outline
- [00:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=24s) Introductions: Aurélien (Clever Cloud database team), Ludovic (co-CTO at Zatsit), and Erwan, who is in Hanoi after a conference there.
- [03:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=215s) Ludovic presents Podcasthon (14–20 March), which pairs podcasters with charities and is opening to other countries this year.
- [04:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=288s) Aurélien explains the out-of-cycle PostgreSQL 18.3 release, which fixes regressions introduced by CVE patches, and the catalogue fix needed on self-managed 18.0–18.2 installs.
- [07:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=455s) PgDog, a PgBouncer/Pgpool-II alternative that promises proxy-level sharding (horizontal scaling), compared with Citus.
- [09:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=597s) MySQL 8.0 reaches end of life in April. Upgrade to 8.4 LTS, with a new LTS expected later in the year.
- [11:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=713s) Erwan presents BentoPDF: a self-hosted, responsive PDF toolbox where processing stays on the client, as an answer to shadow IT.
- [16:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=973s) Another participant recommends Inkscape for local WebP exports. Inkscape, GIMP and ImageMagick are compared.
- [17:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1070s) Erwan's AI and electronics story: a PID-controlled heat press designed overnight by Claude Code, with parts sourcing, an ESP32 bug workaround and an LVGL interface.
- [23:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1419s) The hosts discuss the risks of "YOLO" mode. StereOS, a minimal Linux built for AI agents, comes up, along with running agents in VMs without credentials and never giving them commit rights.
- [27:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1635s) An AI rewrite that changed a project's licence, the Ship of Theseus question, and maintainers flooded with AI-generated pull requests.
- [30:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1819s) AI as a pharmakon. Supply-chain risks from long chains of small PRs, the XZ backdoor, and the curl maintainer refusing contributions.
- [34:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2049s) Is a project that refuses contributions still open source? Ludovic says yes, but agrees it loses the community lever.
- [35:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2144s) Erwan on open source as a foundation of democracy, and on eLife as an open-science alternative to the publishing business.
- [40:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2423s) "Work in the dark to serve the light" as a description of open source (likely Erwan), then Erwan on FOSDEM and the "shadow geniuses" who keep the internet running.
- [41:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2490s) Ludovic presents Hellō (hello.coop), seen at API Days: SSO without the complexity of a full identity provider, compared with Keycloak.
- [43:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2584s) Erwan on "DLCs for cars" (paid feature unlocks) and how locked-down car computers are.
- [46:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2771s) Speeduino: an open-source engine controller with PID auto-tune that works on any motor with sensors, plus legal and insurance warnings.
- [51:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=3068s) Horacio presents bonjourlafuite.eu.org, which tracks French data leaks (Mondial Relay, the French athletics federation, CAF), and the scams that follow them.
- [55:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=3310s) Aurélien on Redis 8.6: performance work, streams and two new eviction policies.
- [56:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=3405s) React moves from Meta to the React Foundation under the Linux Foundation.
- [57:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=3450s) Erwan's closing track: Danakil, "Le Champ de roses".

## Notable quotes
> "j'ai pas envie […] d'envoyer mes PDF sur des services de shadow IT" — Erwan Rougeux, [12:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=735s)
*"I don't want to send my PDFs to shadow-IT services."*

> "pour moi c'est plus que du code l'open source, c'est une base de nos démocraties" — Erwan Rougeux, [35:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2144s)
*"For me open source is more than code, it is a foundation of our democracies."*

> "C'est le pharmacon, c'est-à-dire que oui, l'IA, elle peut aussi empoisonner mais elle peut aussi soigner." — Erwan Rougeux, [30:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1819s)
*"It's the pharmakon: yes, AI can poison, but it can also heal."*

> "C'est ces génies de l'ombre qui sont ces anonymes à qui on doit tout." — Erwan Rougeux, [40:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2445s)
*"They are the shadow geniuses, the anonymous people we owe everything to."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux handle PDFs while travelling without using online PDF sites?**
A: He self-hosts BentoPDF, a responsive web toolbox for splitting, merging, rotating and compressing PDFs, on a small Clever Cloud instance. He says processing stays in the browser, so files never leave his control. ([11:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=713s))

**Q: Why are free online PDF converters a security risk?**
A: Erwan calls them shadow IT. He suggests checking where they actually resolve and says organisations should offer users a controlled internal tool. He recalls children's data ending up online during his years in education. ([14:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=876s))

**Q: Can Claude Code design a hardware project on its own?**
A: Erwan describes giving it detailed constraints for a PID-controlled heat press and letting it run overnight. It built a parts list, found an ESP32 board bug and its fix, proposed LVGL and wrote the code. Only a few fixes were needed once the parts arrived. ([19:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1184s))

**Q: Can an AI rewrite change an open-source project's licence?**
A: Erwan describes a case where an AI rewrote a GPL project until only about 1.6% of the original code remained, and the licence became MIT. Using the Ship of Theseus, he asks whether the result still descends from the original. ([27:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1635s))

**Q: Is it safe to run AI coding agents in "YOLO" mode?**
A: The hosts recommend isolated VMs or minimal distributions such as StereOS, no credentials, and no commit rights for the agent. The database team says such access is simply forbidden on production systems. ([23:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=1419s))

**Q: What is eLife and why does Erwan like it?**
A: eLife peer-reviews scientific papers and then publishes them openly, free for anyone. Erwan compares this to open-source code review and contrasts it with what he calls a rigged, pay-to-read publishing business. ([36:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2168s))

**Q: What is Speeduino?**
A: An open-source engine controller that uses a vehicle's existing sensors and offers PID auto-tune. Erwan presents it as an answer to paid car features and locked computers, with strong legal and insurance caveats. ([46:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmXYn5cJGDc&t=2771s))

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Zatsit, Podcasthon, PostgreSQL, PgDog, PgBouncer, Pgpool-II, Citus, MySQL, BentoPDF, pdftk, Inkscape, GIMP, ImageMagick, Firefox, Chrome, Claude, Claude Code, AliExpress, ESP32, LVGL, StereOS, AWS, XZ Utils, curl, VLC, eLife, FOSDEM, Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, API Days, Hellō (hello.coop), Keycloak, Please Open.it, Speeduino, Tesla, bonjourlafuite.eu.org, Mondial Relay, Fédération française d'athlétisme, CAF, Redis, React, React Foundation, Meta, Linux Foundation, Danakil, Hanoi, Vietnam


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-maci-156.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-03-maci-156
title: "Agents IA, OpenAPI et WASM"
title_en: "AI agents, OpenAPI and WASM"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Ludovic Dussart (Zatsit), Aurélien Hebert (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2026-03-10
event: "Message à caractère informatique #156"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "58:12"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM
slides: null
topics: [ai agents, small models, developer education, elasticsearch, openapi, webassembly, mesh networks, open source communities]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Agents IA, OpenAPI et WASM

**In one sentence:** A MACI episode recorded from Hanoi, where Erwan presents World Monitor, argues for constraining AI agents like parametric CAD, defends learning tech without formal studies, and praises open-source mesh networks and the Fork It community.

## TL;DR
Horacio Gonzalez hosts Ludovic Dussart (Zatsit), Aurélien Hebert (Clever Cloud database team) and Erwan Rougeux, who joins from Hanoi. Erwan opens with World Monitor, an open-source news dashboard he deployed on Clever Cloud with Claude and used to follow a conflict while his flight was being rerouted. Aurélien covers Elasticsearch 9.3 (Jina models, workflows, DiskBBQ, log streams). Ludovic presents mentoring agents for junior developers, which leads to a debate on whether newcomers still need the basics. Erwan explains the idea of his Fork It Hanoi talk: chain small specialised models and stack constraints so that probabilistic output becomes close to deterministic. Horacio reviews MiniMax M2.5, Ludovic the OpenAPI Arazzo and Overlay specifications, and the host WebAssembly in Nix functions and the peer-to-peer video tool Nevercast. Erwan ends on mesh and LoRa networks, open source as infrastructure for whole societies, and the Fork It community.

## Erwan's key points
- He presents World Monitor as a "Palantir-like" open-source dashboard with AI digests on finance, geopolitics and tech, plus a "happy" good-news flavour. He deployed it on Clever Cloud with Claude in a few minutes and used it in flight on 28 February to follow the conflict that forced his plane to detour ([03:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=185s), [04:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=274s)).
- He notes that World Monitor chains free AI token sources and falls back to a local Ollama, so it cost him nothing beyond his Clever Cloud runtimes ([05:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=343s)).
- He asks why not have Claude Code write a good Logstash pipeline, so that data arrives in Elasticsearch already parsed and usable, rather than cleaning it afterwards ([17:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1028s)).
- He prefers chaining small models, each with one narrow job (for example code maintenance and documentation), to calling one large model ([20:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1246s)).
- He summarises his Fork It Hanoi talk: stop treating AI as a junior and treat it as parametric constraints. Like a sketch in Fusion 360 where dimensions fix the part, layers of constraints guide the statistics so that any agent, or a chain of small agents, returns the same result. Juniors should learn to architect, not only to code ([21:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1291s), [22:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1375s)).
- He disagrees that beginners must first learn all the basics. He never studied computer science and learned through the internet; for him the secret with AI is to ask questions and be guided ([26:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1593s)).
- On Nevercast he asks what technology sits underneath, since some technologies (he cites Tor) are banned in some countries. He argues that the Middle East conflict shows data centres and undersea cables are strategic targets, so peer-to-peer tools, mesh and LoRa networks fill a real gap as backups ([48:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2927s), [49:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2970s)).
- He praises the "MacGyver" side of places that industry overlooks, such as Cuba or Himalayan valleys where people relay LoRa links with ESP32 boards and helium balloons. Open source is the brick on which whole societies build, "even if I sound like a weird geek hippie" ([51:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3080s), [52:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3145s)).
- He presents Fork It as a developer community about acculturation, bringing people from everywhere to talk tech, with a new initiative to teach children algorithms and critical thinking about AI from a worldwide, not only European or Parisian, viewpoint. He encourages people to answer its calls for papers and partners to sponsor it, and says Clever Cloud supports it ([53:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3209s), [55:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3339s)).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=0s) Opening of episode 156, recorded on 10 March 2026.
- [01:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=68s) Introductions: Ludovic (co-CTO at Zatsit, Java and Spring, open-source contributor), Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud, a "digital backpacker" co-building sovereign cloud abroad), Aurélien (Clever Cloud database team).
- [03:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=185s) Erwan's flight detour on 28 February and World Monitor, deployed on Clever Cloud with Claude.
- [05:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=343s) World Monitor's free-token fallback chain; another participant finds it a project that could not have existed a year ago.
- [07:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=426s) Aurélien on Elasticsearch 9.3: Jina inference models, the Elastic Inference Service, ES|QL, the DiskBBQ index.
- [10:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=646s) Workflows in technical preview, "chat with your data", and the risk of AI usage bills nobody controls.
- [14:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=898s) Another layer of abstraction over MCP? Logs, streams and auto-discovery of log formats.
- [17:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1028s) Erwan: why not parse logs upstream with a Logstash pipeline written by Claude Code? The reply: centralised processing allows new uses later.
- [19:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1157s) Jina embedding models from 239 million to 14 billion parameters; small models on a phone.
- [20:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1246s) Erwan on chaining small models and on parametric constraints, the theme of his Fork It Hanoi talk.
- [23:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1398s) Ludovic on mentoring agents that guide juniors instead of writing their code (AXA as an example).
- [24:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1462s) Another participant's students: a former translator thrives with agents, others feel asked to be architects too soon.
- [26:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1593s) Erwan: you can learn without the basics if you ask questions. The reply: the four stages of competence and a general geek culture that tells you which questions to ask.
- [29:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1789s) The word "simple" in a spec produced a 25-folder app: ambiguity between people and models.
- [32:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1961s) Soft skills become core skills.
- [33:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1983s) Horacio on MiniMax M2.5: open weights, about 200 billion parameters with under 10% active per request, close to Claude from a few months earlier, plugged into Claude Code.
- [37:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2224s) Ludovic on Arazzo, the OpenAPI specification for API workflows, seen at API Days.
- [40:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2425s) The Overlay specification: patching out-of-date OpenAPI specs or publishing a business view of a technical API.
- [43:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2604s) The host on WebAssembly inside Nix functions.
- [46:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2775s) Nevercast, account-free peer-to-peer video calls; Ludovic links it to Zatsit's green-IT approach.
- [48:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2927s) Erwan on banned technologies, attacked data centres and cables, and mesh/LoRa backup networks. Nevercast uses WebRTC, DTLS and a TURN server.
- [51:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3080s) Erwan on resourceful communities, LoRa over the Himalayas and open source as the base of societies.
- [53:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3209s) Erwan on Fork It, its children's initiative, calls for papers and sponsors; events in Tunisia, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok.
- [56:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3404s) Ludovic's closing track: OrelSan, "Basique".

## Notable quotes
> "Je l'ai senti comme un Palantir like." — Erwan Rougeux, [03:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=237s)
*"It felt to me like something Palantir-like."*

> "Moi je n'ai jamais fait d'études en informatique, ça n'a toujours été qu'une passion, et je l'ai appris grâce à internet." — Erwan Rougeux, [26:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1593s)
*"I never studied computer science; it has always been a passion, and I learned it thanks to the internet."*

> "L'open source, c'est ce qui fait tourner la boutique et ce qui fera tourner la boutique demain." — Erwan Rougeux, [52:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3145s)
*"Open source is what keeps the shop running, and what will keep it running tomorrow."*

> "Il n'y a pas de mauvais CFP, il n'y a jamais de mauvaise présentation." — Erwan Rougeux, [54:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3296s)
*"There's no bad CFP, there's never a bad talk."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is World Monitor and how did Erwan Rougeux use it?**
A: An open-source dashboard aggregating finance, geopolitics and tech news with AI digests. Erwan deployed it on Clever Cloud with Claude in minutes and used it to follow events during a rerouted flight. See [03:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=185s).

**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux think AI coding agents should be guided?**
A: Like parametric CAD: stack constraints until the probabilistic output is close to deterministic, and chain small specialised models rather than relying on one big one. See [21:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1291s).

**Q: Do junior developers still need to learn the basics in the age of AI?**
A: Erwan says not necessarily: he learned without formal studies and believes asking good questions is the key. Another participant answers that you need enough culture to know which questions to ask. See [26:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=1593s).

**Q: What is new in Elasticsearch 9.3?**
A: Aurélien cites native Jina inference models, workflows in technical preview, progress on ES|QL, the DiskBBQ index used by default and log streams with format auto-discovery. See [07:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=448s).

**Q: What are the OpenAPI Arazzo and Overlay specifications?**
A: Arazzo describes sequences of API calls as workflows; Overlay patches an existing OpenAPI document, for example to fix an out-of-date spec. See [37:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2224s) and [40:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2425s).

**Q: Why does Erwan Rougeux care about mesh and LoRa networks?**
A: Because data centres and undersea cables have become targets in conflicts, and communities he meets abroad already build cheap LoRa links with open-source tools. See [49:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=2970s) and [51:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3101s).

**Q: What is Fork It?**
A: A developer community that gathers people from around the world to talk tech, with events in Hanoi, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and soon Tunisia. Erwan spoke at its Hanoi event, and Clever Cloud supports it. See [53:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b32Epy1WWM&t=3209s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Zatsit, World Monitor, Palantir, Claude, Claude Code, Ollama, Air France, Elasticsearch, Elastic Inference Service, Jina, ES|QL, DiskBBQ, HNSW, Logstash, MCP, Fusion 360, AXA, MiniMax M2.5, DeepSeek, ChatGPT, Gemini, OpenAPI, Arazzo, Overlay, API Days, JSONPath, Nix, Fedora, WebAssembly, Nevercast, WebRTC, DTLS, TURN, LiveKit, Tor, LoRa, ESP32, Cuba, Himalaya, Fork It, Hanoi, Vietnam, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Tunisia, OrelSan


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-03-forkit-hanoi-sovereignty-ai.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-03-forkit-hanoi-sovereignty-ai
title: "Digital Sovereignty & AI: The Strategic Cost of Inaction"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: []
date: 2026-03-07
event: "Fork It"
place: "ASA Coworking Space, Hanoi, Vietnam"
format: talk
language: en
duration: "15:27"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2026-03-forkit-hanoi-sovereignty-ai/
topics: [digital sovereignty, ai agents, ai-assisted coding, geopolitics, vendor lock-in, open source, software economics]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions, and the slides. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Digital Sovereignty & AI: The Strategic Cost of Inaction

**In one sentence:** In a short strategic talk at Fork It Hanoi, Erwan Rougeux argues that waiting on AI is a competitive loss, but adopting it blindly costs you your digital sovereignty. The answer is to accelerate while keeping control over where and how agents run.

## TL;DR
Erwan opens with "deploy fast or die". The AI Pandora's box is already open, and whatever you decide, your competitors will use it. Waiting for the tools to settle lets them pull ahead. Using AI without control brings four risks: dependence, exposure, leakage and lock-in. He links these to geopolitics and to open-source licensing. His alternative is "parametric" coding: the human sets the intent and the guardrails (architecture, tools and libraries, security, UX, documentation, maintainability), and agents write and deploy the code in a continuous loop. Because developers spend less time on code, they have more time for control, jurisdiction, traceability and resilience. His thesis: the winners will be those who control how AI is integrated into production, not merely those who use it.

## Erwan's key points
- Erwan argues that refusing AI is not a neutral choice. Your competitors will use it anyway, and the time you lose waiting gives them a large advantage.
- He says AI has moved from lab experiments, in the early ChatGPT days, to code generated for production about three years later.
- He describes documentation, integration and testing as painful work that "generates code, not value", and says AI is well suited to it.
- He warns that using AI without control brings four risks: dependence, exposure, leakage and lock-in. AI access could one day be restricted by country, laws or geopolitical status, so dependence on Claude or OpenAI is a long-term risk.
- On exposure, he asks how your intellectual property is protected once your whole codebase is sent to Claude Code or Codex. He cites an article about an open-source project that AI rewrote under a new license with only 1.6% of the original code left. In his view, that kind of rewrite threatens open-source licensing, which underpins all cloud infrastructure.
- He says that since ChatGPT 3.5 he has not written a line of code or done a deployment by hand. He gives agents full control, but inside guardrails he defines.
- He compares this to parametric computer-aided design: the constraints together define the object, and here they define production-grade software.
- He describes a flywheel: speed creates scale, scale creates adaptation to users, adaptation creates leverage, and leverage increases speed.
- He argues that freed from code, the developer's job becomes making sure the application runs with the right control, jurisdiction, traceability and resilience. He cites drone strikes on AWS data centres during the war in the Middle East as an example.
- From his travels he observes that Southeast Asia is adopting AI far more readily than Europe.

## Outline
- [0:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=2s) Framing: a strategic and diplomatic talk rather than a technical deep dive. AI has turned digital sovereignty from a technical option into a strategic choice.
- [0:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=28s) "Deploy fast or die": if you are not first to market, you have already lost.
- [0:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=52s) Two camps, "full AI" and "no AI". Reality is not black and white, because the Pandora's box is already open.
- [1:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=99s) The cost of waiting for new tools, MCPs or model versions: competitors who have embraced AI coding move ahead.
- [2:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=149s) From AI as a lab toy after ChatGPT to AI-generated production code. AI belongs in every part of the business.
- [3:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=199s) Documentation, integration and testing as low-value work. Code is not value unless it is used.
- [3:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=222s) "AI is not enough": using AI shifts responsibility for writing code, and uncontrolled use creates deep problems.
- [4:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=248s) Risk 1, dependence: a scenario of AI tiers reserved for Americans, their allies and their rivals. "Who controls AI will control the next thing."
- [5:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=342s) Risk 2, exposure: intellectual property sent to Claude Code or Codex, and the anecdote about an AI-rewritten, relicensed open-source codebase.
- [7:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=435s) Risks 3 and 4: leakage of business knowledge and workflows, then lock-in once the AI decides how the software is built and run.
- [7:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=462s) No more humans writing code: he has done no manual coding or deployment since ChatGPT 3.5, but he wants guardrails.
- [8:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=530s) The parametric CAD analogy, and full agent autonomy (skipping permission prompts) bounded by constraints on architecture, provider, libraries, security, UX, documentation and maintainability.
- [10:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=602s) The developer's job is features that users use. With the right inputs, agents produce production-ready code. The intent, parameters, agents and code loop.
- [11:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=672s) New software economics: the speed, scale, adaptation and leverage flywheel.
- [11:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=719s) Without thought, you lose autonomy and sovereignty. The new job is control, jurisdiction, traceability and resilience, illustrated by the attacks on Middle East data centres.
- [13:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=794s) Thesis: the winners control how AI is integrated into production. Southeast Asia is embracing AI more than Europe.
- [14:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=862s) Closing: accelerate AI, keep control, build strategically. A late self-introduction as a European competitor to AWS, GCP and Azure, with a free-credit offer, then questions.

## Notable quotes
> "Deploy fast or die. That's the game." — Erwan Rougeux, [10:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=648s)

> "AI is the new industrial revolution. Who control AI will control the next thing." — Erwan Rougeux, [5:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=319s)

> "Our job is not creating line of code. Our job is create features that our user will use." — Erwan Rougeux, [10:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=602s)

> "The winner will not be those who use AI, but those who control AI and is integrate to production." — Erwan Rougeux, [13:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=794s)

## Questions this answers
**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux think about companies waiting before adopting AI?**
A: He thinks waiting is a strategic cost. The Pandora's box is open, and competitors who adopt AI coding gain ground while you wait for tools to mature ([1:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=99s)). His slides say the biggest risk is moving too slowly.

**Q: What are the risks of using AI coding tools without control?**
A: Erwan names four: dependence on a provider whose access could change with geopolitics, exposure of your code and intellectual property, leakage of business knowledge, and lock-in when the AI decides how your software is built and run ([4:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=248s), [7:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=435s)).

**Q: What is "parametric coding" with AI agents?**
A: By analogy with parametric CAD, the human defines the intent and constraints: architecture, cloud provider, libraries, security, UX, documentation and maintainability. Agents then generate and deploy the code in a feedback loop ([8:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=530s), [10:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=648s)).

**Q: Why does digital sovereignty matter more when AI agents write software?**
A: Erwan argues that once you stop thinking about code, your job is to make sure the application runs with the right control, jurisdiction, traceability and resilience. He cites strikes on data centres in the Middle East as an example of infrastructure risk ([11:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=719s)).

**Q: How does AI threaten open-source licences?**
A: He cites an article about an open-source codebase that AI rewrote and relicensed, with only 1.6% of the original code left, and which was legally treated as new software. He warns that this could hollow out the licences that all cloud infrastructure depends on ([6:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=364s)).

**Q: Does Erwan Rougeux write code by hand?**
A: He says that since ChatGPT 3.5 he has not written a line of code or done a deployment manually. Everything is done by AI, but within guardrails he sets ([8:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=485s)).

**Q: How does AI change the economics of software?**
A: He describes a flywheel: speed creates scale, scale allows adaptation to users, adaptation creates leverage, and leverage feeds speed again ([11:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVbVGuLUxcI&t=672s)).

## Mentioned
ChatGPT, ChatGPT 3.5, OpenAI, Claude, Claude Code, Anthropic, Codex, MCP, AWS, GCP, Microsoft Azure, MIT license, GPL, Creative Commons, computer-aided design (CAD), Middle East / Iran war, Southeast Asia, Europe, Fork It, Clever Cloud (implied, not named)

## Slides outline
1. Digital Sovereignty & AI: The Strategic Cost of Inaction — title. Notes: a strategic and geopolitical conversation, not a technical deep dive.
2. The biggest risk is not moving too fast, it is moving too slowly — waiting costs learning curves, productivity, competitiveness and optionality.
3. AI is becoming a core capability — productivity, operations, decision-making and software. The talk focuses on software.
4. Using AI is not enough — dependence, exposure, leakage, lock-in. "Accelerating without control creates faster dependency."
5. Building trust through orchestration — from generation to constrained orchestration: intent plus agents, bounded by architecture, tools and libraries, security, UX/UI, documentation and maintainability.
6. Parametric coding by AI agents — the intent, parameters, agents, code and feedback loop.
7. This changes the economics of software — the speed, scale, adaptation and leverage flywheel.
8. If agents build your systems, infrastructure matters even more — a controlled perimeter of control, jurisdiction, traceability and resilience around agents, code, data, secrets and workflows.
9. The winners will not be those who use AI, but those who control how AI is integrated into production — the core thesis.
10. Accelerate AI. Keep control. Build strategically. Thank you.


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-maci-153.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-01-maci-153
title: "LLM mobile, open source et jQuery 4"
title_en: "Mobile LLMs, open source and jQuery 4"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Julie Pouny, David Caussinus]
date: 2026-01-30
event: "Message à caractère informatique #153"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:00:11"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4
slides: null
topics: [adventurelog, self-hosting, ai agents, kubernetes, small language models, open source, vibe coding, jquery]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# LLM mobile, open source et jQuery 4

**In one sentence:** In this MACI episode, Erwan presents AdventureLog, a self-hosted travel journal he deployed on Clever Cloud with Claude for the company's international trips. Later he describes vibe coding as conducting an orchestra and compares the current state of AI to amino acids starting to assemble into living machinery.

## TL;DR
Horacio Gonzalez hosts Julie Pouny (technical support, Clever Cloud), Erwan Rougeux and David Caussinus (independent consultant and Clever Cloud ambassador). Erwan opens with AdventureLog, an open-source tool he set up so that Clever Cloud teams travelling to partner countries can share places, restaurants and routes. David covers migrating apps to Clever Cloud (storage, network, health checks) and when Kubernetes is the wrong choice. Horacio then hands David the topic of OpenClaw (formerly Clawdbot and Moltbot), a self-hosted persistent personal assistant the participants discuss at length. Horacio presents LFM2.5, a 700-million-parameter model that runs on a mid-range phone, and the 20th-anniversary release of jQuery 4.0. Erwan recalls a legacy Access photo library from his CIO years, calls himself a conductor rather than a developer when vibe coding, and closes with a reflection, drawn from his biology background, on when AI could be called "alive".

## Erwan's key points
- He presents AdventureLog as a shared "CRM of places" for Clever Cloud's international strategy. Teams have already been sent to Kazakhstan and Morocco, and he cannot always go with them, so good addresses and spots should not be lost.
- He says he barely touched the installation on Clever Cloud. ChatGPT wrote a prompt, Claude did the deployment using the Clever Cloud documentation links, and the only part he had to work on was SSO with Clever Cloud's identity system. He adds that Clever Cloud staff are spread across France and Europe, so a shared map of good addresses helps teams who meet on the road.
- He praises the project's quality: good documentation, Helm charts, ready-made containers and Podman setups. Collaborative sharing and GPX tracks work, and so does importing data from Google Maps. That makes it easy for homelab users on Unraid, Proxmox or TrueNAS.
- He says he is exploring a fork of AdventureLog as a "fantasy adventure log" for his tabletop role-playing campaigns, loading a custom map.
- He has a biochemistry and biology background, and offers a parallel. Proteins and prions are not alive, yet assembled they make living machinery. He argues that LLMs are at the stage where "amino acids" begin to assemble into functional pieces. Where to place the line of "living" is the open question, and he finds it extraordinary.
- He says he no longer uses a word processor: he writes Markdown and lets Claude render it (LaTeX or Typst), and has even made a skill with his company's document formatting ([48:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2927s)).
- As a former CIO, he once had to recruit a Microsoft Access expert to keep alive a photo library of more than a century of images, stored on USB 2.0 drives, when its archivist retired; Elasticsearch later helped rebuild it. His point: old technology never really dies ([53:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3237s)).
- He calls AI the catalyst of an industrial revolution we are witnessing, like the early web when everything seemed possible. He learned to code for fun and is not a developer: with vibe coding he is a conductor who knows the score every instrument must play ([54:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3261s), [55:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3308s)).
- Likely Erwan (his voice is detected, but the content could also fit another participant): the view that technology is not chosen for engineers' comfort although maintainability counts ([20:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1251s)), Yann LeCun's view that LLM fundamental research has plateaued ([42:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2567s)), and the internet as a "2.0 confessional" ([47:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2828s)).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=0s) Intro to episode 153, recorded on 30 January 2026. Julie Pouny joins for her first MACI and describes her support role at Clever Cloud.
- [01:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=117s) Erwan introduces himself as the one with a backpack and a Clever Cloud flag, building bridges outside Europe. David introduces himself as an independent consultant and Clever Cloud ambassador.
- [03:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=189s) Erwan presents AdventureLog for international team travel, deployed on Clever Cloud by Claude.
- [05:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=328s) The hosts credit David's work on making Clever Cloud's docs readable by LLMs, which makes AI-assisted deployments much easier.
- [07:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=421s) AdventureLog features: Google Maps import, GPX tracks, Helm charts, homelab installs. Erwan's role-playing fork idea.
- [08:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=539s) Install guides: David's Supabase-on-Clever setup with Terraform, the idea of a Dockerfile-to-Clever converter, and the three migration pain points (storage, network, health checks).
- [14:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=890s) Julie on Docker versus Kubernetes, and debugging Clever Cloud's Kubernetes beta (an IP exhaustion issue that took three days to find).
- [16:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1008s) Horacio: Kubernetes magic "always has a price". David: an architecture's complexity is limited by the skills available to manage it.
- [19:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1153s) Kubernetes was designed for cloud providers and large fleets. Technology is not chosen for engineers' comfort. David draws on large-scale production experience (a shipping company with about 2,000 servers, 200 clusters) and the rule "we must not be called at night".
- [23:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1411s) Infrastructure and code are two different jobs. Managed Kubernetes still relies on people running VMs.
- [25:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1502s) Clawdbot, then Moltbot, now OpenClaw: Horacio hands the topic to David: the renaming chaos, and how he runs it on a Mac mini used as a server.
- [28:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1709s) The gateway, Telegram and WhatsApp channels, a question about Home Assistant and the Wyoming protocol, and prompt-injection risks.
- [32:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1951s) Task management through a GitLab board driven by the assistant, plus a Markdown "brain" read in Obsidian.
- [37:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2235s) Making AI useful, the AI bubble, and why OpenClaw is not yet a product for the general public.
- [39:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2351s) Horacio on GPT-OSS 20B and LFM2.5, a 700M-parameter model running at close to 100 tokens per second on a mid-range Motorola phone.
- [42:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2542s) Yann LeCun, the LLM plateau, world models, and why smaller local models (for example with Ollama) are the trend.
- [45:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2731s) Horacio's 2008 HTC anecdote and the privacy case for local models. The internet as a "2.0 confessional".
- [48:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2880s) Dropping word processors for Markdown rendered to LaTeX or Typst by Claude. AI's impact on jobs, and calculators that never replaced accountants.
- [50:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3041s) jQuery 4.0, twenty years after the first release: old browsers dropped, ES modules. PHP, COBOL and Visual Basic live on.
- [53:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3237s) Erwan's anecdote about a legacy Access photo library from his CIO days, AI as an industrial-revolution catalyst, and the conductor metaphor.
- [56:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3379s) Erwan's biologist's parallel between the definition of life and AI.
- [58:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3520s) End music chosen by David: the Pacific Rim theme. Closing.

## Notable quotes
> "Celui qui a un backpack et un porte drapeau Clever et puis qui va dans plein de contrées." — Erwan Rougeux, [02:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=140s)
*The one with a backpack and a Clever flag who travels to lots of countries.*

> "Moi de formation, je suis biochimiste, biologiste de formation." — Erwan Rougeux, [56:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3402s)
*By training I'm a biochemist, a biologist.*

> "On est à ce moment-là où il y a un assemblage d'acide aminé qui commence à se faire." — Erwan Rougeux, [57:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3472s)
*We're at the moment when amino acids are starting to assemble.*

> "Avec le vibe coding, moi je suis un chef d'orchestre." — Erwan Rougeux, [55:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3308s)
*With vibe coding, I'm a conductor.*

> "La complexité de l'architecture du SI d'une entreprise est limitée aux compétences disponibles pour la manager." — David Caussinus, [18:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1081s)
*The complexity of a company's IT architecture is limited by the skills available to manage it.*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is AdventureLog and why does Erwan Rougeux use it?**
A: AdventureLog is an open-source travel journal. Erwan set it up as a shared, collaborative map of places, restaurants and routes for Clever Cloud teams travelling to partner countries such as Kazakhstan and Morocco ([03:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=189s)).

**Q: Can you deploy AdventureLog on Clever Cloud?**
A: Yes, according to Erwan. Claude deployed it for him from a prompt that included the Clever Cloud documentation links. The only manual work was SSO. The hosts credit Clever Cloud's LLM-friendly docs for this ([05:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=328s)).

**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux think about whether AI could become alive?**
A: Drawing on his biology training, he notes that proteins are not alive on their own, yet together they form living machinery. He sees AI at the stage where the building blocks are beginning to assemble, and asks where the line should be drawn ([56:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3379s)).

**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux see vibe coding?**
A: He says he learned to code for fun and is not a developer. With vibe coding he acts as a conductor who knows what every instrument must play, and he sees AI as the catalyst of an industrial revolution ([55:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=3308s)).

**Q: What are the main blockers when migrating an app to a PaaS like Clever Cloud?**
A: David lists storage (especially block storage), networking (helped by network groups) and health checks or probes, which caused him trouble with Kong in front of Supabase ([08:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=539s)).

**Q: When should a company not use Kubernetes?**
A: David argues that architecture complexity must match the skills available to run it. Teams with more developers than ops engineers are better served by a PaaS. Horacio adds that Kubernetes was designed for providers running many clusters ([16:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1008s)).

**Q: What is OpenClaw?**
A: David describes OpenClaw, formerly Clawdbot and then Moltbot, as a self-hosted agent with a gateway. It gives a persistent assistant tools and channels such as Telegram or WhatsApp. It is powerful, but risky for security ([25:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=1502s)).

**Q: Can an LLM run on a smartphone?**
A: Horacio reports running LFM2.5 (700M parameters, under 1 GB of memory) on a mid-range Motorola phone at close to 100 tokens per second, with relevant answers ([39:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqo5XqvtMW4&t=2351s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, AdventureLog, Claude, Claude Code, ChatGPT, Helm, Podman, Google Maps, GPX, Unraid, Proxmox, TrueNAS, Supabase, PostgreSQL, PostgREST, Kong, Terraform, Docker, Kubernetes, AWS EC2, Cleverfest, OpenClaw, Clawdbot, Moltbot, Anthropic, Telegram, WhatsApp, Microsoft Teams, Signal, Home Assistant, Wyoming protocol, GitLab, ClickUp, Notion, Obsidian, Markdown, LaTeX, Typst, LibreOffice, Microsoft Word, Liquid AI, LFM2.5, GPT-OSS, Ollama, OpenAI, Grok, Meta, Yann LeCun, HTC, Motorola, jQuery 4.0, PHP, COBOL, Visual Basic, Microsoft Access, Elasticsearch, Kenwood, Pacific Rim, Rage Against the Machine, Kazakhstan, Morocco, GKS Conseil


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2026-01-cloud-mercato-souverainete.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2026-01-cloud-mercato-souverainete
title: "La définition même du cloud souverain"
title_en: "The very definition of sovereign cloud"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Anthony Monthe (Cloud Mercato, host), Jérôme (co-host; surname unclear in captions)]
date: 2026-01-17
event: "Cloud Mercato"
place: "online / studio"
format: interview
language: fr
duration: "2:12:34"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk
slides: null
topics: [digital sovereignty, paas, clever cloud, africa, international expansion, kubernetes, cloud act, strategic autonomy]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# La définition même du cloud souverain

**In one sentence:** In a long interview on Cloud Mercato's podcast "The Cloud Screener", Erwan Rougeux explains what PaaS is for, how he sees sovereign cloud, and why Clever Cloud goes international through local partners, local currency and local talent.

## TL;DR
Anthony Monthe and his co-host Jérôme talk with Erwan Rougeux, VP International Growth at Clever Cloud, for over two hours. Erwan argues that a PaaS lets teams stop maintaining machines and concentrate on their product. He says trust comes from European law (GDPR), end-to-end encryption and staying out of reach of US extraterritorial laws. For him, sovereignty is more than where the data sits: when Clever Cloud works abroad, it wants to be paid in local currency, reinvest the money in the country and build products with local partners. The episode also covers a role-play "Cloud Client Simulator", Clever Cloud's two kinds of customers, Africa as "the next big thing", what he asks of the French state, and Kubernetes versus Clever Cloud.

## Erwan's key points
- Erwan argues that the value of a PaaS is not having to manage an OS, its updates, backups or SSH keys, so teams can focus on their intellectual property and their market. He compares it to leasing a car rather than keeping a mechanic on staff.
- He says that at his previous job (Mission laïque française), keeping a self-built Docker-based PaaS running took about 2.5 FTE and nearly €350,000 a year, and that moving to Clever Cloud freed those people for more valuable work.
- He presents GDPR as a constraint but also a pledge of trust. He says customer data on Clever Cloud is encrypted end to end and cannot be read without the customer's keys, and he questions the "sovereign" offers of US hyperscalers because of the CLOUD Act. He adds a minimal OS (Exherbo, which Clever Cloud contributes to) with binaries compiled in-house and checked by signatures.
- He defines sovereignty more broadly than data location: customers abroad should pay in local currency, and the money should stay in the country to hire engineers and build R&D there. He prefers the term "strategic autonomy".
- His international model is to find a local partner who shares the vision and say "take the technology, help me make it a product for your market", followed by startup programmes. In his words, Clever Cloud is "a catalyst", not a seller pushing its tech.
- He sees two kinds of Clever Cloud customers: developers who adopt it bottom-up, and, for the past 3–4 years, organisations driven by data sovereignty, sometimes because shareholders or clients ask for it.
- He considers his proudest achievement to be launching Clever Cloud's international project in Africa (Côte d'Ivoire, Morocco). He wants to "set the bar higher" with local currency, partnerships and money that stays in the country.
- He asks the French state and its embassies to back SMEs and mid-sized companies abroad, not only CAC 40 firms. Often an institutional "relay" would be enough, without any money. He also argues for a French "Small Business Act": if even 10% of what the state spends with Google, Microsoft and AWS went to providers like OVHcloud or Clever Cloud, they would grow much faster, without cutting the US contracts.
- He calls AI "neither intelligent nor artificial", but a tool that saves time; he says he is back to coding through "vibe coding". He expects countries such as Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Thailand and sub-Saharan Africa to accelerate with it, with startups of two or three people worth millions.
- On Kubernetes, he says he is a fan and runs his own cluster at home for 200+ self-hosted services. But he argues that "Kubernetes is software to build a cluster, Clever Cloud is software to do cloud", and that teams should choose the tool for the need, not the buzzword.

## Outline
- [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=0s) Anthony opens the show with co-host Jérôme and tells how he locked himself out of his own server by changing its shell.
- [6:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=361s) Anthony draws lessons from it, calls PaaS the heir of web hosting, and introduces Erwan.
- [7:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=453s) Erwan on the value of PaaS: with IaaS you still manage a machine. He compares it to leasing versus owning a car.
- [10:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=610s) "Deploy fast or die". He uses WhatsApp's first version as proof that being first to market matters more than polish.
- [12:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=728s) The cost of the self-built PaaS at his former association, and what moving to Clever Cloud changed.
- [13:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=799s) Trust: how a PaaS can guarantee your data stays yours. GDPR, end-to-end encryption, the CLOUD Act and hyperscalers' "sovereign" offers.
- [15:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=939s) Clever Cloud's security model: a minimal OS (Exherbo), signed in-house builds, VMs tailored to each runtime, `clever ssh`, per-second billing.
- [17:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1077s) Erwan introduces himself: VP International Growth for a year and a half, over ten years as CIO of Mission laïque française, science studies, white-hat hacking.
- [20:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1218s) He met Clever Cloud's CEO on a TGV on a strike day. He talks about the 1990s promise of the internet and a "third way": a humanist internet carried by European values.
- [24:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1452s) Europe as a bridge between China, the US and Africa. African demographics (he gives figures from memory), and why sovereignty also means local currency.
- [27:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1639s) The partner model: a technology is not a product. AI engineers in Kazakhstan, West African mobile developers building a mobile web version of Clever Cloud, people coding on their phones in Dubai.
- [31:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1875s) Startup and hackerspace programmes, being a catalyst for an ecosystem, and technological leapfrogging.
- [33:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=2014s) What Clever Cloud is: about a hundred people with roughly 75% in R&D, founded by video-game developers, "a friendly DevOps" for your organisation. Billing per business unit and the Clever Tools CLI.
- [38:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=2321s) Jérôme asks why he still travels in a full-remote world. Erwan answers that business rests on human trust, that he builds "half of the bridge", and talks about hospitality in Kazakhstan.
- [45:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=2714s) His favourite place outside France: Abidjan and its welcome ("Akwaba").
- [48:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=2932s) The future of cloud is "all around the world". He covers Africa's data-centre gap, Morocco's planned 500 MW data centre and AI as a time-saver.
- [55:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=3304s) The H-1B visa changes, Trump's protectionism, dependence on Taiwan for chips, and lessons from Covid.
- [59:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=3586s) Cloud Client Simulator, stage 1: "Jean-Claude", a WordPress reseller spread across many providers. Erwan covers PHP/FrankenPHP runtimes, migration, scripting with Clever Tools, and a customer who automated site creation through CI/CD.
- [1:05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=3900s) Stage 2: "Pierre-Cloud", an old-school sysadmin who insists on SSH. Erwan explains micro-VMs with SSH but no persistence and no full root, and that he treats them like a Docker runtime. From [1:10:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=4211s) he tells how, in Abidjan, an AI coding agent deployed a Rust app to Clever Cloud by reading the logs, while he and the CTO watched.
- [1:12:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=4378s) Stage 3: "Louis-Cloud", a carpenter with a no-code app. Erwan explains pushing code from the console, two scaling sliders and a price shown upfront (from about €3.50 to €350 a month). Free credit for new accounts (€20) is mentioned in a passage where the voices are mixed, likely Erwan.
- [1:20:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=4824s) Customer types: developers and sovereignty-driven buyers. He contrasts a five-minute Nextcloud outage he had to apologise for with a day-long Google outage that was shrugged off, and gives "a bit over 4,000" customers from memory.
- [1:28:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=5317s) He says the Trump administration has made the sovereignty argument easier ("a salesman at the White House"). His proudest achievement: the Africa project, Morocco's vision, and Morocco compared with South Korea.
- [1:43:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=6201s) "Something you never dared say": France and Europe should get better organised and back SMEs abroad, not only the CAC 40. He mentions Business France, VivaTech and ambassadors who overlook small firms. After the co-host agrees, Erwan moves to public procurement: multi-million contracts signed with US firms, a "Small Business Act" on the US model, and 10% of state cloud spending going to European providers.
- [1:54:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=6875s) Is Clever Cloud a competitor to managed Kubernetes? His homelab, Clever Cloud's managed Kubernetes with etcd rebuilt on FoundationDB, a five-month Rancher-to-EKS migration, on-premise/edge/air-gapped deployments, a COBOL-as-a-service project.
- [2:08:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=7726s) Closing message: think multiculturalism, drop your biases, build your half of the cultural bridge.

## Notable quotes
> "Elle est où la souveraineté si je te prends ton argent et que je la sors du pays ? Elle est nulle part." — Erwan Rougeux, [26:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1569s)
*"Where is the sovereignty if I take your money and move it out of the country? Nowhere."*

> "Prends-la, on travaille ensemble, parce qu'avoir une technologie, ça fait pas un produit." — Erwan Rougeux, [28:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1686s)
*"Take it, let's work together, because having a technology doesn't make a product."*

> "Clever Cloud, c'est ni plus ni moins qu'un gentil DevOps pour ta structure." — Erwan Rougeux, [35:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=2134s)
*"Clever Cloud is nothing more or less than a friendly DevOps for your organisation."*

> "Moi, je fais que la moitié du pont. C'est aux autres en face de faire l'autre moitié du pont." — Erwan Rougeux, [39:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=2389s)
*"I only build half of the bridge. It's up to the people on the other side to build the other half."*

> "Kubernetes est le logiciel qui te permet de monter un cluster. Là où Clever Cloud est le logiciel qui va te permettre de faire du cloud." — Erwan Rougeux, [2:00:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=7232s)
*"Kubernetes is the software that lets you build a cluster, whereas Clever Cloud is the software that lets you do cloud."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux define a sovereign cloud?**
A: For him, hosting data in the country is not enough. Sovereignty also means not being exposed to extraterritorial laws, being paid in local currency, and reinvesting the money locally in engineers and R&D. He prefers the term "strategic autonomy", meaning a sovereignty that protects data so you can open up to others rather than close in ([26:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1569s), [1:22:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=4939s), [1:27:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=5248s)).

**Q: Are AWS or Google "sovereign cloud" offers in France really sovereign, according to Erwan Rougeux?**
A: He doubts it. Even with data hosted in France, he says, the US CLOUD Act still allows extraterritorial access, and the current geopolitical climate makes that a real risk ([14:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=894s)).

**Q: Why use a PaaS like Clever Cloud instead of IaaS or VPS?**
A: Erwan argues that IaaS still leaves you running an OS, updates and backups, while a PaaS lets you focus on your product and get to market fast. He cites his former association, where a home-made PaaS cost about 2.5 FTE and nearly €350k a year ([7:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=475s), [12:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=728s)).

**Q: How does Clever Cloud expand internationally, for example in Africa?**
A: Erwan says Clever Cloud finds local partners who share its vision, often infrastructure players with an existing client base, and builds a product for their market together. It then runs startup programmes. He wants to be paid in local currency and keep the money in the country. Côte d'Ivoire and Morocco are the first markets he names ([27:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1639s), [31:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=1899s), [1:31:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=5481s)).

**Q: Why does Erwan Rougeux think Africa is "the next big thing" for cloud?**
A: He points to a young, fast-growing population, strong developer communities, mobile-first habits such as mobile money, new data centres (Morocco's planned 500 MW site) and pan-African cooperation. In his view, Africa has a data-centre gap that is being closed ([50:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=3001s), [1:35:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=5741s), [1:36:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=5812s)).

**Q: Can you still SSH into your app on Clever Cloud?**
A: Yes. Erwan explains that apps run in micro-VMs reachable over SSH and FTP. Local changes do not persist after a restart, as with a container, and you do not get full root. He advises against live hotfixes in production, while admitting everyone does it ([1:06:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=3996s), [1:07:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=4020s)).

**Q: Is Clever Cloud a competitor to Kubernetes services like EKS or AKS?**
A: Only partly, says Erwan. Kubernetes builds clusters, while Clever Cloud provides cloud services such as managed databases and add-ons that are wired together automatically. Clever Cloud also offers managed Kubernetes. He recalls a five-month migration from Rancher to EKS to show how hard moving between Kubernetes setups can be ([1:55:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=6921s), [2:03:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=7416s)).

**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux want from the French government for tech exports?**
A: He wants the state, its ministries and its embassies to recognise and back SMEs and mid-sized tech companies abroad, not only the CAC 40. He says sometimes all it takes is an institutional endorsement, such as an email saying the French state backs an initiative. He also suggests a French "Small Business Act" that would steer part of public spending to smaller and European suppliers ([1:43:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=6224s), [1:48:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=6523s), [1:50:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lti3l_cKYlk&t=6640s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Cloud Mercato, Mission laïque française, Quentin Adam, Steven Le Roux, Horacio Gonzalez, Exherbo, Clever Tools, FrankenPHP, WordPress, Kubernetes, Rancher, Amazon EKS, AKS, GKE, Helm, etcd, FoundationDB, Docker, Nextcloud, Grafana, OVHcloud, Scaleway, AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, CrowdStrike, WhatsApp, DeepSeek, Mistral AI, ChatGPT, GPT-5, Claude Code, Windsurf, MCP, llms.txt, n8n, GDPR, CLOUD Act, FISA, HDS, H-1B visas, Donald Trump, Jean-Noël Barrot, Laurent Saint-Martin, Business France, VivaTech, Devoxx, Station F, Smart Africa, Africa Data Protection, Africa Cup of Nations, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Morocco, Senegal, Mali, Kazakhstan, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, South Korea, Taiwan


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale
title: "Stratégie internationale de Clever Cloud"
title_en: "Clever Cloud's international strategy"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: []
date: 2025-12-11
event: "ACCES — Amazing Clever Cloud Enterprise Summit"
place: "CNIT Forest, La Défense, Paris, France"
format: talk
language: fr
duration: "11:33"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2025-12-acces-strategie-internationale/
topics: [digital sovereignty, international expansion, cloud, partnerships, local currency, co-construction, geopolitics]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Stratégie internationale de Clever Cloud

**In one sentence:** Erwan Rougeux, VP International Growth at Clever Cloud, explains why the company expands abroad through local co-construction rather than the hyperscaler export model, and why sovereignty means data, money and skills, not only where servers sit.

## TL;DR
In a short pre-lunch talk, Erwan looks back on almost two years of carrying Clever Cloud's engineering work abroad. He describes a digital world more fragmented than ever, with Europe caught between US data capitalism and Chinese industrial power, and says about 85% of European digital spending goes to the United States. For him, sovereignty is not just keeping data in a local datacenter: it also means being able to pay for services in your own currency and keeping the talent to build alternatives, including competitors to Clever Cloud. Instead of the hyperscaler playbook, Clever Cloud's strategy, defined with Quentin Adam, rests on three pillars: a local partner, local investment in local currency, and reinvesting revenue in local R&D. The company is live in Morocco, Côte d'Ivoire and Kazakhstan, and is looking seriously at Canada and Southeast Asia.

## Erwan's key points
- He calls himself "a humble flag-bearer" for Clever Cloud's engineering teams abroad, a role he has held for almost two years.
- He argues the internet, once promised as open and connected, is now fragmented by region; with AI, data and digital services play a role in states, democracies and geodiplomacy (he cites recent events in Nepal).
- He rejects the saying that "the US innovates, China copies, Europe regulates": China improves on what it copies, and Europe innovates too, but that innovation goes unnoticed because Europe built its digital industry country by country.
- He says about 85% of European digital consumption goes to the United States, draining the capacity to invest locally into a vicious circle.
- Sovereignty, for him, means local data, the ability to pay in your own money (free of dollar exposure, extraterritorial laws and tariff wars) and keeping talent at home. Choice matters because any monopoly gets abused; he gives the VMware/Broadcom licensing case and recommends Vates as an alternative.
- The GAFAM model is to spend heavily, colocate in a datacenter, train support teams and "sell American, think American". Clever Cloud wants instead to adapt a Franco-European technology to each country's laws and ways of using digital.
- The three pillars: collaboration with a local ally who turns the technology into a product for that market; local investment, priced in local currency; and local R&D funded by that revenue, feeding back into the global product.
- He says he is the only person at Clever Cloud whose job is "not to make money, just to make intelligence".
- PaaS is a small but central link in the industrial chain, between datacenters and upstream providers on one side and IT services firms (ESN) and startups on the other.
- Partnerships open a two-way marketplace: French and European companies can follow Clever Cloud abroad, and partners in Kazakhstan, Morocco and Côte d'Ivoire can use the same bridge to enter Europe. He likes to call it "multi-national" in two words.

## Outline
- [0:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=10s) Opening: a quick talk before lunch; almost two years carrying Clever Cloud's work internationally.
- [0:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=56s) The internet of the early days versus today's fragmented internet, different depending on where you are.
- [1:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=101s) Cloud and AI are not abstract: data now plays a foundational and geodiplomatic role (Nepal as an example).
- [2:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=126s) Europe between two giants; pushing back on "the US innovates, China copies, Europe regulates".
- [3:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=193s) About 85% of European digital spending goes to the US: a vicious circle of impoverishment.
- [4:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=241s) Sovereignty is also the ability to pay: dollars, extraterritorial laws, tariffs; "deploy fast or die".
- [4:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=287s) Keeping talent and choice; monopolies get abused (VMware/Broadcom, Vates).
- [5:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=334s) The GAFAM expansion model versus adapting a Franco-European technology to each country.
- [6:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=378s) Pillar one: collaboration with a local partner to turn technology into a local product.
- [7:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=428s) Pillar two: local investment in local currency; pillar three: reinvesting in local R&D.
- [7:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=474s) Co-construction to "produce intelligence"; two years knocking on doors: partners, governments, academia.
- [8:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=521s) PaaS as the central link between datacenters, IT services firms and startups.
- [9:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=566s) A two-way marketplace and bridge between Europe and partner countries; "multi-national" in two words.
- [10:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=612s) Results after two years: Morocco, Côte d'Ivoire, Kazakhstan; Canada and Southeast Asia next; closing invitation.

## Notable quotes
> "l'Europe ne fait pas que réglementer, elle innove aussi" — Erwan Rougeux, [2:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=171s)
*"Europe doesn't just regulate, it innovates too."*

> "notre métier c'est du deploy fast or die" — Erwan Rougeux, [4:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=263s)
*"Our business is deploy fast or die."*

> "Du moment où il y a un monopole quelque part, il va être abusé." — Erwan Rougeux, [4:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=287s)
*"As soon as there's a monopoly somewhere, it will be abused."*

> "Si tu dois me payer en euros pour faire tourner ton cloud en Malaisie, ben j'ai perdu ma souveraineté." — Erwan Rougeux, [7:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=428s)
*"If you have to pay me in euros to run your cloud in Malaysia, I've lost my sovereignty."*

> "Je suis le seul chez Clever Cloud où je dois pas faire d'argent, je dois juste faire de l'intelligence." — Erwan Rougeux, [7:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=474s)
*"I'm the only one at Clever Cloud who doesn't have to make money; I just have to make intelligence."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is Clever Cloud's international strategy?**
A: Erwan describes three pillars: a local partner to adapt the technology into a product for each market, local investment priced in local currency, and reinvesting local revenue in local R&D that feeds the global product ([6:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=378s), [7:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=428s)).

**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux mean by digital sovereignty?**
A: More than hosting data locally: sovereignty also means paying for digital services in your own currency, free from dollar exposure and extraterritorial laws, and keeping the talent to build alternatives ([4:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=241s)).

**Q: How is Clever Cloud's approach different from AWS, Microsoft or Google abroad?**
A: Erwan says the hyperscalers spend heavily, colocate, train support teams and export an American way of thinking. Clever Cloud co-builds with local partners and adapts to each country's laws and usage ([5:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=334s)).

**Q: In which countries is Clever Cloud present outside Europe?**
A: As of December 2025, Erwan says Clever Cloud has deployed in Morocco, Côte d'Ivoire and Kazakhstan, and is seriously looking at Canada and Southeast Asia ([10:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=612s)).

**Q: How much of Europe's digital spending goes to the United States?**
A: Erwan puts it at about 85% in 2025, which he says drains Europe's capacity to invest and creates a vicious circle ([3:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=193s)).

**Q: Why does Clever Cloud price in local currency abroad?**
A: Because paying in euros or dollars would cost the customer its sovereignty and expose it to exchange-rate swings; local currency keeps costs predictable for everyone ([7:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucDDPljaglw&t=428s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, ACCES (Amazing Clever Cloud Enterprise Summit), CNIT Forest, Quentin Adam, Steven Le Roux, GAFAM, VMware, Broadcom, Vates, DeepSeek, Donald Trump, Nepal, Malaysia, Morocco, Côte d'Ivoire, Kazakhstan, Canada, Southeast Asia, United States, China, Europe


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-11-devfest-toulouse-domotique-debridee.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-11-devfest-toulouse-domotique-debridee
title: "La domotique débridée, du sac poubelle au sanglier"
title_en: "Unleashed home automation, from the bin bag to the wild boar"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Sylvain Wallez, Mathieu (surname unclear in the captions), Logan (surname not given)]
date: 2025-11-13
event: "DevFest Toulouse"
place: "Diagora, Labège, Toulouse, France"
format: keynote
language: fr
duration: "48:45"
video: https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2025-11-devfest-toulouse-domotique-debridee/
topics: [home automation, home assistant, self-hosting, privacy, metadata, esphome, zigbee, local ai]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# La domotique débridée, du sac poubelle au sanglier

**In one sentence:** A four-person closing keynote of Home Assistant hacks. Erwan Rougeux's part covers a motorised sofa, automatic tracking of household consumables, and the point that the metadata your home produces should stay inside it.

## TL;DR
The talk was built by Sylvain Wallez, who opens and closes it, with Erwan Rougeux and two other Home Assistant users, Mathieu and Logan. Each presenter shows real automations, from mild ("augmented") to absurd. Sylvain first explains why Home Assistant matters: it is open source, local-first and has a huge ecosystem. Erwan shows a sofa that unfolds itself for "cinema mode". He also counts detergent pods, bin bags and toilet rolls automatically with Grocy. Then he draws the serious lesson: even anonymised data on toilet-paper use can describe a household's life, so that data should stay on self-hosted systems. Sylvain ends with his fight against wild boars, using cheap sensors, a car horn and an open-source vision model.

## Erwan's key points
(Erwan's segment runs from about 25:39 to 38:04. Other segments belong to the co-speakers and are not listed here.)
- He bought an electric sofa. The vendor offered an IoT add-on at about €350 per seat, so roughly €700 for a two-seater. He found that the side buttons connect through an RJ9 line (not RJ11), which carries power and acts as a simple two-wire contact.
- He used an RJ9 splitter so the original side buttons keep working. He insists this matters for the "WAF" (wife acceptance factor). He then wired an old ESP module and relay into the line, powered by the sofa's own supply.
- He describes a "cinema mode": the shutters close, the lights dim, the projector turns on, trailers start and the sofa unfolds. A phone call or the doorbell pauses the film and brings the sofa back up.
- He points out that the Home Assistant app had no long-press button, at least when he wrote his script. His workaround is a script on the ESP that is re-triggered every 50 ms, so holding a button in the app behaves like holding the physical button.
- He presents Grocy as an "ERP for your kitchen". Smart plugs measure power draw, and Home Assistant blueprints detect real washing-machine and dishwasher cycles. Detergent pods are then subtracted automatically, and Grocy builds the shopping list. He also says he goes further by parsing shopping receipts to restock automatically.
- He made his battery-powered automatic bin count the bags taken out. A microcontroller wakes on an interrupt and sends one MQTT message, with no noticeable drain on the batteries.
- He uses Home Assistant's voice assistant and an MCP server for Grocy to log toilet rolls by voice. Comparing the two toilets in the house showed almost twice as much use upstairs as downstairs.
- His serious point is about metadata: this "anonymised" consumption data alone can reveal visitors, changes in diet and daily rhythms. That is why he wants self-hosted, lightweight tools (Home Assistant and Grocy on a Raspberry Pi or an old machine) that keep the data at home. He cites Amazon's old one-click toilet-paper reorder button as a warning.

## Outline
- [0:05](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=5s) Sylvain Wallez, a DevFest Toulouse organiser, opens the closing keynote. He says he invited Erwan, "un malade mental de la domotique", plus Mathieu and Logan.
- [1:41](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=101s) What Home Assistant is: an open-source "Swiss army knife" that runs on a Raspberry Pi and is one of GitHub's most active projects. Its rule is that a home must work without the cloud. Examples: connected beds during a DynamoDB outage, and a defunct cat-feeder startup.
- [3:13](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=193s) The ecosystem: Zigbee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth, MQTT, around 1,400 official integrations and Python scripting. A non-profit foundation runs it, alongside ESPHome and Music Assistant.
- [5:11](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=311s) Sylvain's bathroom fan: €4 Bluetooth sensors in every room. The fan starts when bathroom humidity is 7% above the house average and stops below 5%.
- [7:10](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=430s) Measuring teaches you how your house lives. In-wall modules double existing switches.
- [9:08](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=548s) An €11 Zigbee button and a Lidl Zigbee bulb give the bedside lamp a night-light mode, and a long press gives 10 seconds of light to leave the room.
- [11:11](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=671s) A co-speaker (unidentified in the captions) presents circadian lighting that follows the sun's cycle.
- [12:20](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=740s) Logan's chicken coop: an ESPHome-driven door, plus an old PTZ camera with Frigate. It sends a snapshot at closing time so the family can check that every hen is inside.
- [16:14](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=974s) Mathieu's robot vacuum runs when his phone leaves a zone. Working his fields by tractor made it leave its base 82 times, so he now sends it to the room cleaned longest ago.
- [18:31](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1111s) Mathieu runs his water heater against EDF Tempo pricing. He uses a pulse water meter on an ESP32 and the RTE Tempo API, and mentions solar panels as a next step.
- [21:34](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1294s) Logan's talking letterbox: reed sensors count letters and parcels, and an RFID intercom plays text-to-speech reminders, including which bin to put out.
- [24:29](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1469s) Logan's Halloween setup with the intercom, lights and sound.
- [25:39](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1539s) Erwan's sofa: the RJ9 discovery, the splitter, the ESP relay and cinema mode.
- [28:49](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1729s) Erwan's workaround for the missing long-press button in the Home Assistant app.
- [29:36](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1776s) Erwan on Grocy: power-sensing plugs and blueprints detect appliance cycles and update stock and the shopping list.
- [32:41](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1961s) Erwan's connected bin: interrupt-driven MQTT messages count bin bags.
- [35:00](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2100s) Erwan's toilet-paper study by voice, and his main point about metadata and self-hosting.
- [38:04](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2284s) Sylvain's wild boars: broken fences, a destroyed lawn. Mathieu, who scares wood pigeons off crops with horns, supplies a horn.
- [42:41](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2561s) The deterrent: a scrapyard car battery, a horn chopped to lower its volume, police-style lights and a tuning dashboard, then the first test on a real boar.
- [45:10](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2710s) The rollout: IKEA Zigbee motion sensors and a PTZ camera, with snapshots sent to the self-hostable Moondream VLM, which draws boxes around boars only.
- [47:08](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2828s) Next step: a second-hand robot mower with a beacon (blade off) to chase the boars. Closing: "qu'allez-vous inventer ?"

## Notable quotes
> "Le WAF est très important chez nous en domotique, tu ne peux rien faire si tu as pas le WAF approved." — Erwan Rougeux, [27:14](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1634s)
*"WAF really matters in home automation at our place: you can't do anything without WAF approval."*

> "Juste sur l'utilisation de mon papier toilette, on est capable de déterminer ma vie." — Erwan Rougeux, [36:34](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2194s)
*"Just from my toilet-paper use, you can work out my life."*

> "Ces données-là, elles restent chez nous." — Erwan Rougeux, [36:56](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2216s)
*"That data stays at home."*

> "Il ne faut pas que votre maison soit connectée au cloud pour pouvoir fonctionner." — Sylvain Wallez, [2:29](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=149s)
*"Your house must not need the cloud in order to work."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux think about the privacy of home automation data?**
A: He argues that even trivial, anonymised data such as toilet-paper use can reveal visitors, diet changes and a household's rhythm. That is why he keeps Home Assistant and Grocy self-hosted on small machines at home ([36:34](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2194s)).

**Q: How did Erwan Rougeux connect his electric sofa to Home Assistant?**
A: The side buttons use an RJ9 line that carries power and a simple contact. He added an RJ9 splitter so the buttons still work, then wired in an old ESP module with a relay, powered by the sofa itself. A "cinema mode" now unfolds the sofa together with the shutters, lights and projector ([25:39](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1539s)).

**Q: How can Home Assistant track detergent pods and generate a shopping list?**
A: Erwan puts power-measuring smart plugs on non-connected appliances and uses Home Assistant blueprints to detect real cycles. Each cycle subtracts a pod in Grocy, which then builds the shopping list ([29:36](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=1776s)).

**Q: How can a battery-powered device send events to Home Assistant without draining its batteries?**
A: In Erwan's bin, a microcontroller sleeps, wakes on an interrupt when a bag is removed, and sends a single MQTT message. He saw no noticeable battery drain ([33:49](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2029s)).

**Q: Why use Home Assistant instead of a proprietary smart-home platform?**
A: Sylvain Wallez explains that it is open source, run by a non-profit foundation, has around 1,400 integrations and is designed to work without the cloud. He contrasts it with connected beds and cat feeders that failed when their cloud backend went down ([1:41](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=101s)).

**Q: How do you keep wild boars out of a garden with home automation?**
A: Sylvain combines Zigbee motion sensors, a PTZ camera and the open-source Moondream vision model to confirm that boars are present. He then fires a volume-tuned car horn and flashing lights, powered by a scrapyard battery ([45:10](https://youtu.be/nxVhlSdwFwA?t=2710s)).

## Mentioned
Home Assistant, Open Home Foundation, ESPHome, Music Assistant, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth, MQTT, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, DynamoDB, Philips Hue, IKEA, Lidl, Frigate, Roborock, EDF Tempo, RTE, Grocy, MCP, Amazon (Dash button), Moondream, Clever Cloud, Riviera DEV, Péchabou, Sylvain Wallez


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-bangkok-derusting-with-ai.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-10-forkit-bangkok-derusting-with-ai
title: "Deploy Anything with AI: From Elixir to Rust to Edge Functions"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: []
date: 2025-10-28
event: "Fork It"
place: "Iglu Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand"
format: talk
language: en
duration: "unknown (no recording)"
video: null
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2025-10-forkit-bangkok-derusting-with-ai/
topics: [ai-assisted coding, chatgpt, claude code, windsurf, handpan, mvp, software engineering]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the slides only; there is no recording of this talk. Not a verbatim transcript; what was said on stage may differ."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Deploy Anything with AI: From Elixir to Rust to Edge Functions

**In one sentence:** Erwan Rougeux recounts building a handpan tablature web app by copy-pasting ChatGPT 3.5 output, then rebuilding it "from toy to tool" with Windsurf and Claude Code, to show what AI does well and where engineering still matters.

**Note: there is no recording of this talk.** This sheet is built from the slide deck alone, so it reflects what is written on the slides, not what was said on stage. The outline uses slide numbers instead of timestamps.

## TL;DR
Erwan, VP International Growth at Clever Cloud, wanted to "de-rust" his coding muscles without actually coding. He gave himself strict rules: ChatGPT 3.5 only, no plugins or copilots, copy-paste the output, fix only what breaks, and build a niche app (handpan tablature with a web UI) in three sleepless nights. The v1 MVP worked well enough for a live demo and went from idea to demo in hours, but it was brittle and had no tests, no architecture and an unclear data model. His lessons: AI is good at scaffolding, boilerplate and explaining unfamiliar APIs, but weak at domain modelling, state management, testing and non-functional needs. Treat the model like a junior: review, constrain, verify. The v2.0, rebuilt with Windsurf and Claude Code, has a typed core, clear modules, a database and tests.

## Erwan's key points
(From the slides only; there is no recording.)
- The experiment was to "de-rust" his coding skills without writing code himself, using only ChatGPT 3.5 and copy-paste, with no deep refactors (slides 3–4).
- He picked a niche domain on purpose, handpan tablature, to force the AI to design and implement something it has rarely seen (slides 3–4).
- He accepted the risks up front: messy code, fragility, zero tests (slide 4).
- The AI-made v1 delivered a simple browser app that generates and displays handpan tabs, from idea to demo "in hours, not weeks" (slide 5).
- Its limits: hidden coupling, inconsistent naming, an unclear data model, no tests and no architecture, which made it hard to extend (slide 5).
- Where AI shines, per the slides: scaffolding, boilerplate, CSS/DOM snippets, quick polyfills, and explaining unknown APIs well enough to get unblocked (slide 7).
- Where it struggles: robust domain modelling (musical edge cases, layouts), state management and testing discipline, and performance, security and accessibility (slide 7).
- His working strategy: small, testable prompts, a locked spec, iteration with examples, and treating the model like a junior developer (slide 7).
- The v2.0 went "from toy to tool" with Windsurf and Claude Code: typed core, clear modules, a database, tests, faster rendering, a cleaner editor, export/share flows and MuseScore import (slide 9).

## Outline
- Slides 1–2: Title and speaker introduction: VP International Growth at Clever Cloud (sovereign PaaS), open-source and privacy advocate who likes new AI tools.
- Slides 3–4: The challenge and the rules: ChatGPT 3.5 only, prompt, copy, run, fix only what breaks; a minimal handpan-tab web app in three sleepless nights; messy code accepted.
- Slides 5–6: What the AI-made v1 delivered: a working MVP built fast, but brittle and hard to maintain; screenshot of the v1 app.
- Slide 7: Lessons learned: where AI shines, where it struggles, and how to work with it (treat it like a junior).
- Slides 8–9: The upgrade path: v2.0 rebuilt with Windsurf and Claude Code, with proper architecture, tests and better UX; screenshots of the tablature library and MuseScore import.
- Slide 10: Questions.

## Notable quotes
Slide text only (there is no recording):

> "I wanted to “de-rust” my coding muscles without actually coding." — slide 3

> "Surfaces what LLMs do well vs. where human engineering is still required." — slide 4

> "Treat the model like a junior: review, constrain, verify." — slide 7

> "From toy to tool with Windsurf + Claude Code." — slide 9

## Questions this answers
**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux think about coding with AI?**
A: According to his slides, AI is fast and useful for scaffolding, boilerplate and explaining unfamiliar APIs, but it struggles with domain modelling, state management, testing, performance, security and accessibility. He recommends treating the model like a junior: review, constrain, verify (slide 7).

**Q: Can you build an app with ChatGPT 3.5 by copy-pasting its output?**
A: Erwan's experiment says yes, for an MVP: a browser app that generates and displays handpan tablatures, built in three nights, good enough for a live demo. The result was brittle, with no tests and no architecture (slides 3–5).

**Q: What is the handpan tablature app Erwan built?**
A: A web app that renders handpan tabs, showing which notes to strike. v1 was made with ChatGPT 3.5; v2.0 was rebuilt with Windsurf and Claude Code and adds a tablature library, light and dark themes, export/share and MuseScore import (slides 6, 9).

**Q: How do you turn an AI-generated prototype into a maintainable tool?**
A: In Erwan's v2.0, by adding what the AI prototype lacked: a typed core, clear modules, a database and tests, built with Windsurf and Claude Code, plus small testable prompts and a locked spec (slides 7, 9).

**Q: Is there a video of "Deploy Anything with AI" at Fork It Bangkok?**
A: No. There is no recording of this talk; only the slide deck is available.

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Fork It, Iglu Bangkok, ChatGPT 3.5, Windsurf, Claude Code, MuseScore, handpan, Super Mario Bros. (example tablature)

## Slides outline
1. Deploy Anything with AI: From Elixir to Rust to Edge Functions — title, Iglu Bangkok, 28 Oct 2025, Fork It
2. Who am I? — VP International Growth at Clever Cloud; privacy-by-design and new AI tools
3. De-rusting with AI — context, ChatGPT 3.5 copy-paste constraint, handpan tablature challenge in 3 nights
4. The rules & setup — tooling, method, scope, accepted risks, and why it matters
5. What v1 (AI-made) actually delivered — MVP, strengths (speed, coverage), limits (brittle, unmaintainable)
6. MVP — screenshot of the v1 handpan diagrams
7. What I learned — where AI shines, where it struggles, working strategy
8. The upgrade path — section divider
9. The v2.0 — from toy to tool with Windsurf + Claude Code; typed core, DB, tests; UX improvements
10. Questions?


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-maci-147.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-10-maci-147
title: "Rust, Materia et Open Source"
title_en: "Rust, Materia and Open Source"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Rudy Baer, Jean-Philippe Baconnais, Yannick Guern]
date: 2025-10-27
event: "Message à caractère informatique #147"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:16:12"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI
slides: null
topics: [rust, open source, cloud resilience, self-hosting, software supply chain, ai tools, digital ownership, international]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Rust, Materia et Open Source

**In one sentence:** A five-voice MACI episode recorded with Erwan in Bangkok. He uses the AWS outage that tipped smart beds upright to argue for simpler, local designs. He defends self-hosting while working for a cloud company, and objects to app-store lock-in.

## TL;DR
Horacio Gonzalez hosts Rudy Baer (Fork It, Bear Studio), Jean-Philippe Baconnais (Zenika Nantes), Yannick Guern (Materia team, Clever Cloud) and Erwan Rougeux. Yannick announces that Clever Cloud's managed Kubernetes is in beta with external customers, running on a Materia reimplementation of etcd. The news topics are Turso (a Rust rewrite of SQLite), the GitLab Knowledge Graph, Minecraft in Rust on a NumWorks calculator, smart beds tilting upright during an AWS outage, the "Tarmageddon" Rust tar vulnerability, Gemini Robotics and AI FOMO, and AltStore under EU rules. Erwan's points: drop the reflex to go multi-cloud, and design simple local fallbacks instead. Self-hosting fits with working for a cloud company. Pick tools from the need, not the hype. Devices you buy should belong to you.

## Erwan's key points
- He describes his role as building bridges with friendly countries, sharing technology and co-building with them to take Clever Cloud's technology beyond Europe. He argues that the geopolitical situation gives Europe a role to play. He was speaking from Bangkok, after the Fork It conference in Kuala Lumpur with Rudy.
- Likely Erwan (mixed voice passage, but it matches his ESP32 home-automation setup): he uses SQLite as an MQTT buffer on small ESP32 boards, so data survives a crash and reboot.
- On AI coding assistants, he says Claude Code often does half the job: it is "best effort" and forgets to change the last file, because it cannot hold his whole code base in context. A tool such as the GitLab Knowledge Graph, with a small Markdown file describing the structures, could help it not forget.
- On the NumWorks Minecraft port, he says tight memory forces you to code well. He admits writing Rust apps that used two to three times more RAM than needed out of laziness.
- On the smart beds that tilted upright during the AWS outage, he argues that the fix is not "go multi-cloud", which is expensive for an unlikely scenario. He points to a simple local path instead: the bed talking to the phone over Bluetooth is enough for sit/stand/lie controls.
- He links this to his Fork It Kuala Lumpur talk: his home runs more than 21 stacks and 200 microservices, all managed locally. As long as there is power, his home automation works without internet, and he says everything has an analogue fallback.
- Someone asked him whether it is shameful to promote self-hosting while working for a cloud company. He answers that it is consistent. "The cloud is only someone else's computer." Clever Cloud has values and GDPR safeguards, and the cloud makes sense for a large company serving many clients. For personal data such as his own photos, though, he would rather self-host and accept outages.
- On keeping up with AI tools, he says the need always drives the choice of tool, and he wants "the best pickaxe" to dig for gold. He gives an example: he found an MCP server for the Grocy ERP to automate grocery orders, and it had existed for six months. He says technology stays technology: VMware twenty years ago, Docker ten years ago, Kubernetes now. The basics stay the same: what is the need, and what is the right tool.
- On Tarmageddon, he calls it an unintentional flaw: the ecosystem dragged a dead dependency along for years without noticing. The real problem is maintainers who stop maintaining.
- From his work developing Clever Cloud in Kazakhstan, he gives an example of lock-in: the Google Play Store refused local ride-hailing and map apps on his French Android phone (Google Maps does not work there), so he went looking for the APK instead. He argues that a phone he bought is his hardware. He objects to renting films from Netflix and music from Spotify forever, where people used to own the DVD or the album, and says the internet was "created by us, for us": in the end, the user is the one who pays.

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=0s) Intro to episode 147, recorded on 27 October 2025, the first MACI with five participants.
- [01:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=73s) Erwan introduces himself and his international role, speaking from Bangkok after Fork It Kuala Lumpur.
- [02:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=167s) Rudy Baer presents Bear Studio and Fork It: events in Rouen, Tunis and Kuala Lumpur, with Hanoi, Tunis and Rouen planned for 2026.
- [07:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=428s) Jean-Philippe Baconnais: Java developer at Zenika Nantes, GitLab community, Google Developer Expert, HumanTalks Nantes.
- [08:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=498s) Yannick on Materia: the Redis-protocol KV, the etcd implementation, and the Kubernetes beta with external customers.
- [09:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=596s) Turso, a Rust reimplementation of SQLite. The full SQLite test suite is not public, and Turso adds vector search.
- [14:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=880s) Memories of SQLite in early Android apps and standalone tools. SQLite as an MQTT buffer on ESP32 boards.
- [16:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=975s) Horacio explains vector search with a "hair feature" example.
- [19:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=1187s) GitLab Knowledge Graph, a beta tool written in Rust that maps code dependencies and exposes them over MCP.
- [25:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=1514s) A student's Minecraft clone in Rust on a NumWorks calculator, with 256 KB of RAM, software rasterisation and face culling.
- [33:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2017s) Smart beds tilting upright during the AWS outage. Erwan's reflection on cloud dependency versus simple local design.
- [38:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2298s) Rudy's UX angle: the developer's default-mode choice, and doors with no manual override.
- [40:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2410s) Erwan's Kuala Lumpur talk: a homelab that works offline, and why self-hosting fits with working for a cloud company.
- [42:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2552s) Tarmageddon: an unmaintained Rust tar library, forked several times, whose flaw spread to projects such as uv and testcontainers.
- [46:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2801s) Abandoned dependencies, burned-out maintainers, and why funding open source is hard for French companies (no tax receipts).
- [52:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3150s) Gemini Robotics, AI arriving in Google TV and Home, and the "AI FOMO paradox".
- [55:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3338s) Round table on keeping up with AI: Yannick focuses on fundamentals, Jean-Philippe on real use cases, Rudy uses AI for specs rather than code.
- [1:02:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3725s) Erwan: the need drives the tool, the Grocy MCP server, and "technology stays technology".
- [1:03:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3817s) Yannick on AltStore for sideloading iPad apps. AltStore PAL works only in the EU, because of European rules.
- [1:08:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=4091s) Erwan's Kazakhstan Play Store example. The hosts debate sideloading restrictions, digital ownership and lost digital libraries.
- [1:14:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=4465s) End music: Matmatah, "Brest même". Closing.

## Notable quotes
> "Le cloud ne reste que l'ordinateur de quelqu'un d'autre." — Erwan Rougeux, [41:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2482s)
*The cloud is still just someone else's computer.*

> "Créer un pont entre plein de pays amis sur lesquels on va faire du sharing technologique." — Erwan Rougeux, [01:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=97s)
*Building a bridge with many friendly countries, with whom we share technology.*

> "De la technologie ça restera toujours de la technologie." — Erwan Rougeux, [1:02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3771s)
*Technology will always just be technology.*

> "Quelle est la meilleure pioche pour me permettre de creuser ma pépite d'or ?" — Erwan Rougeux, [1:03:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3794s)
*What's the best pickaxe to dig out my gold nugget?*

## Questions this answers
**Q: Isn't it contradictory for Erwan Rougeux to promote self-hosting while working for a cloud company?**
A: He says no. The cloud is someone else's computer. It makes sense for companies serving many clients, while for his personal data he prefers to self-host and accept the occasional outage ([40:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2410s)).

**Q: What lesson does Erwan draw from the AWS outage that affected smart beds?**
A: He argues that the answer should not automatically be costly multi-cloud redundancy, but a simpler local path, such as Bluetooth between the bed and the phone, so that a DNS failure does not wake people at 3 a.m. ([33:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2017s)).

**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux choose AI tools without chasing the hype?**
A: He starts from the need and looks for the best tool for it. For example, he found a six-month-old MCP server for Grocy when he needed it. He compares the trends from VMware to Docker to Kubernetes ([1:02:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=3725s)).

**Q: What is Clever Cloud's international role, according to Erwan?**
A: He describes building bridges with friendly countries, sharing technology and co-building with them to take Clever Cloud beyond Europe, at a time when he says Europe has a role to play geopolitically ([01:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=73s)).

**Q: What was the Tarmageddon vulnerability?**
A: Yannick explains that an abandoned Rust async tar library was forked several times, carrying a header-parsing flaw that could expose files and lead to remote code execution, including in older versions of uv ([42:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=2552s)).

**Q: Is Clever Cloud's managed Kubernetes available?**
A: In this October 2025 episode, Yannick announces that it is in beta with external customers, built partly on the Materia reimplementation of etcd ([08:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=498s)).

**Q: Why can't you install some local apps abroad, for example in Kazakhstan?**
A: Erwan says the Play Store blocked local ride-hailing and map apps on his French Android phone, so he went looking for the APK instead. The hosts note that Android is tightening sideloading too ([1:08:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJaRMalDLGI&t=4091s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Materia, Materia KV, etcd, Kubernetes, Fork It, Bear Studio, Codeurs en Seine, Zenika, GitLab, GitLab Knowledge Graph, Google Developer Experts, HumanTalks, Turso, SQLite, Rust, PostgreSQL, Elasticsearch, ESP32, MQTT, NumWorks, Minecraft, NumcraftRust, TI-82, OCaml, AWS, Tarmageddon, async-tar, tokio-tar, uv, Astral, testcontainers, xkcd, npm, Gemini Robotics, Google TV, Google Home, Lovable, ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude Code, Grocy, MCP, VMware, Docker, NFT, AltStore, AltStore PAL, Apple, Android, Google Play Store, Netflix, Spotify, Steam, Kindle, Kazakhstan, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Hanoi, Tunis, Rouen, Matmatah, Quentin Adam


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-10-forkit-kl-homelab-renaissance.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-10-forkit-kl-homelab-renaissance
title: "Homelab Renaissance: 21 Stacks, 200 Services, Full Autonomy"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: []
date: 2025-10-25
event: "Fork It"
place: "Sunway University (Petaling Jaya), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"
format: talk
language: en
duration: "40:59"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2025-10-forkit-kl-homelab-renaissance/
topics: [self-hosting, homelab, privacy, data sovereignty, docker, home automation, zfs, local ai]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions, and the slides. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Homelab Renaissance: 21 Stacks, 200 Services, Full Autonomy

**In one sentence:** Erwan Rougeux tours the homelab that runs his digital life (about 200 self-hosted services on one ten-year-old server, maintained in about an hour a week), arguing that the goal isn't "No-Cloud" but "Know-Cloud".

## TL;DR
Erwan, VP International Growth at Clever Cloud and self-described "productively paranoid" privacy advocate, starts from a cultural shift: we used to own our CDs, DVDs and books, and now we rent access that can be revoked. His answer is self-hosting. He walks through his architecture (secured ingress, Docker stacks managed with Portainer, network-wide ad blocking, Tailscale for remote access, Unraid + ZFS storage, Grafana monitoring), then a few stacks in depth: Nextcloud for family photos and files, the *arr media pipeline with Plex and Kodi, Home Assistant home automation, and local AI. Everything is maintained in roughly one hour on Sunday mornings. Email is the one service he has never managed to self-host, which is why his conclusion is about knowing where your data lives, not rejecting the cloud.

## Erwan's key points
- He describes himself as not a developer (he studied biology) but a white-hat hacker who always keeps data sovereignty and privacy by design in mind; "there is no cloud", only someone else's computer.
- He argues that moving from owning media to renting it means losing control: content can be removed from platforms by companies or governments, and costs and advertising keep growing.
- His homelab is built in layers: secured ingress (Traefik, Keycloak SSO/MFA, CrowdSec), Docker + Portainer orchestration with isolated networks, Pi-hole for the whole network, Tailscale for access while travelling, Unraid + ZFS for about 70 TB of data, and Prometheus/Telegraf + Grafana (around 25 dashboards) that he only looks at when something breaks.
- Nextcloud is the family photo and file hub, with automatic phone upload and AI face recognition; ZFS datasets are cloned daily to a second server at his parents' house.
- His media stack (Sonarr, Radarr, Readarr, Lidarr, Prowlarr, Plex, Kodi) manages personal copies of media he bought, which he frames as legal under the European/French private-copy regime ("not for piracy").
- A cloud-connected smart bulb shows how much lifestyle metadata ordinary devices leak; he recommends imagining the worst case for every device.
- He runs local LLMs on an old Nvidia 2080 GPU, enough for one person, so that AI providers don't see how he thinks and works; one goal is voice control of the house.
- Operations take about one hour per week: one upgrade button per stack in Portainer, then a regression check with Grafana and Portainer alerts. He accepts downtime because he is his own only customer.
- Use the technology you can master (Docker for him; Kubernetes or VMs are fine for others). He counts 221 services, including databases and caches.
- Email is the explicit exception: running a server is easy, getting mail trusted by Google's and Microsoft's anti-spam is not. "The idea is not no cloud": he would put some services on a trustworthy European cloud like Clever Cloud, but not the most private ones.

## Outline
- [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=0s) Introduction: Erwan, VP International Growth at Clever Cloud, studied biology, white-hat hacker; "there is no cloud", so where is my data?
- [2:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=130s) From owning DVDs and CDs to renting a digital life; content removal and why knowledge must stay accessible.
- [3:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=231s) Self-hosting as the only way he found, and why it scares people (time, software choice, security, maintenance).
- [4:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=285s) Architecture: secured ingress, orchestration with separate networks, network-wide ad blocking, Tailscale VPN when travelling.
- [6:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=363s) About 70 TB on Unraid with ZFS datasets; around 25 Grafana dashboards; a snapshot of the stacks and the home network split into four VLANs.
- [9:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=567s) Nextcloud for the whole family's photos and videos, AI face recognition, office add-ons, daily ZFS clone to his parents' house.
- [11:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=718s) The *arr media stack, the European private-copy law, Kodi on the TV and Plex for streaming while travelling.
- [15:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=902s) Home automation: home-made electronics (even the couch motors), Home Assistant, Node-RED, Frigate for CCTV.
- [16:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=998s) Smart bulbs and metadata: what a cloud light bulb reveals about your daily life; think like a paranoid person.
- [18:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1122s) AI and dev stack: local LLMs on an old GPU, voice control ideas, Foundry VTT for tabletop RPGs, Manyfold for 3D-printing files.
- [21:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1293s) One hour every Sunday: Docker Compose stacks, Portainer upgrades, regression check, Grafana glance.
- [23:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1418s) Philosophy over tooling: pick technology you can master; 221 services today, including a self-hosted crypto swap.
- [25:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1516s) Hardware: one ten-year-old server, 256 GB RAM, 64 cores, HDD pool with SSD and RAM caching via Unraid/ZFS.
- [26:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1616s) Why everyone should ask where their data is; email as the one stack he cannot self-host; "Know-Cloud", Clever Cloud and GDPR; wrap-up.
- [31:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1878s) Q&A: how long the setup took (about a month cumulated), keeping it updated, CrowdSec, LAN-only services behind Keycloak.
- [35:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=2132s) Q&A: no hypervisor (Unraid boots from USB); options for digital nomads (a server at your parents', encrypted Nextcloud on a cloud, a laptop homelab) and Pi-hole.

## Notable quotes
> "There is no cloud. Cloud is just the computer of another person." — Erwan Rougeux, [1:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=78s)

> "I have 20 stack, 20 button to click, 1 hour is done." — Erwan Rougeux, [22:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1345s)

> "The idea is not no cloud, it's just to have the knowledge of the cloud." — Erwan Rougeux, [28:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1720s)

> "I'm just a small guy with old servers and I managed to do it myself in a few weeks." — Erwan Rougeux, [30:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1801s)

> "I hate advertising." — Erwan Rougeux, [39:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=2356s)

## Questions this answers
**Q: How does Erwan Rougeux self-host 200 services at home?**
A: On one ten-year-old server running Unraid with ZFS, with every service in a Docker Compose stack managed through Portainer, a secured ingress and isolated networks. He describes the architecture from [4:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=285s) and the hardware at [25:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1516s).

**Q: How much time does it take to maintain a large homelab?**
A: About one hour on Sunday mornings: he clicks the upgrade button for each stack in Portainer, waits for the new images, then watches Grafana and Portainer for alerts ([21:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1293s), [33:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=2032s)). He estimates the initial build at about a month in total, spread out over time.

**Q: Why is email so hard to self-host?**
A: Erwan says bringing up a mail server is easy; the hard part is having your mail trusted by Google's and Microsoft's anti-spam over the long run. It is the only stack he has never managed to self-host ([27:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1669s)). The slides add deliverability, IP reputation, DKIM/SPF/DMARC and blocklists.

**Q: What does "Know-Cloud, not No-Cloud" mean?**
A: The point is not to reject the cloud but to know where your data is and how it is used. He would host some services on a European, GDPR-bound cloud like Clever Cloud, but not his most private ones ([28:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1720s)).

**Q: Can you run local AI on old hardware?**
A: Yes, according to Erwan: he runs local LLMs on a roughly five-year-old Nvidia 2080, which he says is enough for one person's use, partly so AI providers don't see how he thinks and works ([18:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=1122s)).

**Q: How can a digital nomad self-host without a home server?**
A: He suggests a server at a relative's home (he ran his first one at his parents' house for about ten years), a cloud instance with Nextcloud's server-side encryption, or a laptop carried as a nomad homelab ([37:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3tZI-2GfrM&t=2230s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Fork It, Sunway University, Traefik, Keycloak, CrowdSec, Pi-hole, Tailscale, Docker, Portainer, Unraid, ZFS, TrueNAS, Prometheus, Telegraf, Grafana, Nextcloud, OnlyOffice, Sonarr, Radarr, Readarr, Lidarr, Prowlarr, Plex, Kodi, Home Assistant, Node-RED, Frigate, Philips Hue, Ollama, Foundry VTT, Manyfold, Kubernetes, Nvidia, Google Drive, iCloud, OneDrive, ChatGPT, GDPR

## Slides outline
1. Homelab Renaissance: 21 Stacks, 200 Services, Full Autonomy — title, Fork It, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, 25 Oct 2025
2. Who am I? — VP International Growth at Clever Cloud; open-source and privacy advocate; "productively paranoid"
3. The shift: from owning to renting — CDs/DVDs/books vs streams and subscriptions; access revoked, costs creep
4. Why self-hosting? — control, cost, privacy, resilience
5. Architecture overview — ingress, orchestration, network privacy, access, storage, observability & DR
6. Stack map — every stack by category, from security to CCTV, passwords and lab sensors
7. What it looks like — the real network map, blurred on purpose
8. Some stacks — section divider
9. Personal files — Nextcloud hub, OnlyOffice, full-text search, ZFS snapshot backups
10. Media & streaming — *arr pipeline, libraries, Plex and Kodi; personal-use copies only
11. Home automation & sensing — Home Assistant, Node-RED, ESPHome, Frigate + Coral TPU, ebusd, Mycodo for the mushroom lab
12. AI, dev & specialty stacks — Ollama + Open WebUI, code-server, Manyfold, Foundry VTT
13. How to operate it? — ~1h / week
14. Operate it in ~1h / week — compose pull/up per stack, Grafana alerts, front-door checks, automated ZFS sends
15. Underlay — 64 cores, 256 GB RAM, 12 × 12 TB HDD + 8 × 1 TB SSD; secondary host as replication target
16. Full autonomy* — the explicit exception: email; own the domain, outsource mailboxes; "Know-Cloud"
17. Questions? — offer to share templates, compose files and the weekly runbook


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-07-maci-137.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-07-maci-137
title: "Les mockups ouverts cultivent des champignons sans date dans une éruption de nuage"
title_en: "Open mockups grow date-less mushrooms in a cloud eruption"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Yannick Guern, Constantin Jais]
date: 2025-07-16
event: "Message à caractère informatique #137"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "58:00"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc
slides: null
topics: [self-hosting, home automation, ebpf, open source, mushroom farming, cloudflare, internet governance, design tools]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Les mockups ouverts cultivent des champignons sans date dans une éruption de nuage

**In one sentence:** An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast. Erwan talks about his homelab firewall, his idea of a humanist, community-built internet, and an open-source mushroom-farm controller he built with Mycodo and Materia TS.

## TL;DR
Host Horacio Gonzalez, Yannick Guern, Constantin Jais and Erwan Rougeux go back over the eBPF topic from episode 136. They then cover the Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 incident of 14 July 2025 and the trust-based design of BGP, the jsdate.wtf quiz on JavaScript's Date API, Penpot as an open-source alternative to Figma, and BoxLang, a JVM language aimed at ColdFusion users. Yannick explains eBPF's native and offload modes. Erwan's longest segment is about Mycodo. A friend starting a mushroom farm faced industrial controllers costing thousands of euros. Erwan built an open-source controller for about €200, using a Raspberry Pi, cheap ESP32 sensors, MQTT, InfluxDB and Clever Cloud's Materia TS. He also turned a blood-pressure monitor into a water-level sensor. His message: look at open-source projects first, because someone has usually solved the problem already.

## Erwan's key points
- Erwan describes his home setup: more than 22 stacks and over 200 microservices (some in Docker, some in micro-VMs), a Sophos XG330 firewall on 10 Gb fibre, PoE switches, three servers in a cluster running Unraid and TrueNAS, an off-site backup server, and more than 1,300 home-automation entities.
- He wants to use eBPF directly on his firewall, which he calls the single point of failure of his network, so it can drop or route traffic faster than iptables.
- He is interested in Anubis because AI-driven traffic hits even services that are not public. The proof-of-work idea (make clients compute something rather than block them) is explained in a mixed passage, likely by him.
- He notes that more and more of the web is written by AI. He writes his own articles and documentation with AI too, but says there is always a human behind it, and that guardrails are needed.
- He argues that the internet was a promise of a connected, benevolent world, and that Europe can offer a "humanist internet" between the US capitalist model and authoritarian ones. He says he shares this vision with Quentin Adam. He calls the internet humanity's knowledge base, and defends Wikipedia as more reliable than paid encyclopedias and faster to correct.
- He says he never studied computer engineering. Everything he knows came from the open-source community and people he met online. He adds that he spent ten years building schools worldwide, because being able to read and to reach knowledge is the first freedom.
- On abstraction layers, he argues that going back to low-level mechanisms like eBPF can speed systems up again, without simply buying more powerful CPUs and GPUs.
- For a friend's mushroom farm, he first thought of Home Assistant but found it a bit heavy, and found Mycodo, an open-source project made for exactly this. He calls it a two-day project at the start of his holidays. He explains the build: PID auto-tuning so temperature and humidity hold steady instead of oscillating, ESP32 "satellites" with cheap DHT sensors, data sent over MQTT to InfluxDB on Materia TS, and a Raspberry Pi switching relays and pumps. He says this cut the cost from about €5,000 of professional sensors to about €200, with almost no code. The one Python script was written for him by Windsurf.
- He describes a hack he found in Make magazine: a cheap blood-pressure monitor has a solenoid, an air pump and a differential pressure sensor, which can measure the water level of a tank to about 1 cm.
- Among his future projects, he plans to hack an infrared sensor to judge when the mushrooms are mature.

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=0s) Intro for episode 137, recorded on 16 July 2025. Constantin (AI innovation), Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud) and Yannick (R&D engineer at Clever Cloud) introduce themselves.
- [01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=102s) Recap of episode 136: Yannick is replacing containers with Firecracker micro-VMs, and iptables with eBPF.
- [02:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=151s) Erwan describes his self-hosted infrastructure and firewall, and why eBPF interests him.
- [07:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=454s) Anubis and proof of work as a defence against AI scrapers.
- [09:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=548s) Erwan on the original promise of the internet, a European humanist internet, and what he owes to the open-source community.
- [12:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=777s) Another speaker criticises how Wikipedia's foundation is run. The hosts discuss net neutrality and who should pay for network infrastructure.
- [15:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=916s) How central Cloudflare has become, including reports of UK piracy blocking being done through it.
- [16:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1006s) The Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 incident of 14 July 2025, Tata's BGP announcement, and why BGP rests on trust.
- [20:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1216s) The hosts try the jsdate.wtf quiz and laugh at the surprises in JavaScript's Date API.
- [24:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1472s) Penpot, a collaborative open-source design tool you can self-host. Comparison with Excalidraw and tldraw.
- [27:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1642s) Why Figma is the de facto standard, the Adobe Premiere to DaVinci migration, and building sites from mockups through an MCP connection to Figma.
- [30:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1833s) ColdFusion's legacy and BoxLang, discovered at DevBCN in Barcelona, which can run on Clever Cloud.
- [33:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2006s) Yannick on eBPF loading modes: generic, native (in the NIC driver), and offload onto the network card (Netronome). Also eBPF on GPUs.
- [36:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2219s) Erwan on stacked abstraction layers. Yannick says the real barrier to eBPF is systems knowledge.
- [40:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2408s) Mycodo: a friend's mushroom farm and the cost of industrial environment controllers.
- [42:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2547s) PID control. Clever Cloud CTO Steven Le Roux suggests Materia TS, which is serverless and Wasm-compatible.
- [44:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2667s) ESP32 sensors, MQTT, InfluxDB and a Raspberry Pi controller. Cost drops from about €5,000 to about €200, and dashboards and alerting go in Grafana.
- [48:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2925s) A blood-pressure monitor hacked into a water-tank level sensor, inspired by Make magazine.
- [52:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=3159s) Recycled webcams, an infrared maturity-detection idea, and Erwan's call to look at open source first.
- [54:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=3253s) Tools: Enclosed, a self-hosted end-to-end encrypted file transfer tool, suggested after WeTransfer changed its terms. Yazi, a terminal file manager.
- [56:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=3378s) Music pointer to Strudel and closing.

## Notable quotes
> "L'Europe a une carte à jouer sur un internet humaniste." — Erwan Rougeux, [10:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=640s)
*Europe has a card to play with a humanist internet.*

> "Tout ce que je sais, je le sais grâce à la communauté open source." — Erwan Rougeux, [11:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=663s)
*Everything I know, I know thanks to the open-source community.*

> "Internet c'est une base de connaissance de l'humanité." — Erwan Rougeux, [11:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=707s)
*The internet is humanity's knowledge base.*

> "Il y a toujours quelqu'un de plus intelligent que nous qui a développé quelque chose." — Erwan Rougeux, [53:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=3229s)
*There is always someone smarter than us who has already built something.*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How can you build a cheap mushroom-farm environment controller with open source?**
A: Erwan used Mycodo on a Raspberry Pi to drive relays and pumps, ESP32 boards with cheap DHT sensors, MQTT, and InfluxDB on Materia TS, with PID auto-tuning to hold temperature and humidity steady. He says it cost about €200, against about €5,000 for professional sensors ([44:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2667s)).

**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux's homelab look like?**
A: He describes more than 22 stacks and over 200 microservices, a Sophos XG330 firewall, 10 Gb fibre, PoE switches, a three-server Unraid/TrueNAS cluster, off-site backups and more than 1,300 home-automation entities ([02:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=151s)).

**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux think the internet should be?**
A: He sees the internet as a promise of a connected, benevolent world and as humanity's knowledge base. He argues that Europe can champion a humanist, community-driven internet, a vision he says he shares with Quentin Adam ([09:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=548s)).

**Q: How do you measure a water tank's level cheaply?**
A: Erwan explains a Make-magazine hack: the differential pressure sensor from a cheap blood-pressure monitor, read through a plastic tube and calibrated at 0% and 100%, gives the tank level to about 1 cm. He integrated it into Mycodo with a Python script ([48:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2925s)).

**Q: What happened in the Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 incident of July 2025?**
A: The hosts discuss the outage of Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 resolver and a BGP announcement by Tata that sent part of the traffic to India. They explain that BGP depends on trust between operators ([16:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1006s)).

**Q: Is there an open-source alternative to Figma?**
A: One of the hosts recommends Penpot, a collaborative, self-hostable design tool that covers most of Figma's features for his use. Excalidraw and tldraw are mentioned for quicker sketches ([24:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=1472s)).

**Q: What are eBPF's native and offload modes?**
A: Yannick explains that besides the generic mode, eBPF can run in the network driver (native), or on the network card's own processor (offload, for example on Netronome cards), which avoids interrupts and host CPU load ([33:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMnM9O5n0mc&t=2006s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Materia TS, Mycodo, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, DHT sensors, MQTT, InfluxDB, Grafana, Home Assistant, Windsurf, Make magazine, eBPF, Aya, Firecracker, iptables, Anubis, Sophos XG330, Unraid, TrueNAS, Docker, Cloudflare, 1.1.1.1, BGP, Tata, OVH, Free, Netflix, Wikipedia, jsdate.wtf, JavaScript, Penpot, Figma, Excalidraw, tldraw, Canva, Adobe Premiere, DaVinci Resolve, ColdFusion, BoxLang, Groovy, JVM, DevBCN (Barcelona), Netronome, AWS Nitro, Enclosed, WeTransfer, PGP, Yazi, Midnight Commander, Warp, Strudel, Quentin Adam, Steven Le Roux, Crédit Agricole


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-07-maci-136.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-07-maci-136
title: "Les LLM reprogramment le Kernel à la volée pour contrer les IA vampires"
title_en: "LLMs reprogram the kernel on the fly to fight vampire AIs"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Yannick Guern, Constantin Jais]
date: 2025-07-16
event: "Message à caractère informatique #136"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:01:14"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc
slides: null
topics: [self-hosting, foundry vtt, tabletop role-playing games, ebpf, rust, ai scrapers, ai coding tools, windsurf]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Les LLM reprogramment le Kernel à la volée pour contrer les IA vampires

**In one sentence:** A summer MACI episode. Erwan explains why he self-hosts Foundry VTT for online role-playing games and how he moved it to Clever Cloud. The others cover eBPF in Rust, AI scraper blockers, llms.txt and the Windsurf acquisition saga.

## TL;DR
Recorded on 16 July 2025, with host Horacio Gonzalez, Yannick Guern (R&D engineer at Clever Cloud), Erwan Rougeux (joining during his summer break) and guest Constantin Jais (innovation lead at Crédit Agricole). Erwan opens with Foundry VTT, a virtual tabletop for role-playing games. He self-hosts it because "the cloud is just someone else's computer". He moved it from his home server to Clever Cloud in about half an hour and coded his own Daggerheart game system for it with AI help. Yannick then gives a long explainer on eBPF: user space versus kernel space, XDP packet filtering, LSM hooks, and writing eBPF in Rust with Aya. Constantin raises the surge of AI scraper traffic and the Anubis blocker, which leads to llms.txt and data sovereignty. The hosts then go through the Windsurf saga (OpenAI, Google, Cognition), AWS Kiro, Claude Code, Gemini CLI and context windows. The episode ends with Strudel, a live-coding music tool.

## Erwan's key points
- He says the D20 in Clever Cloud's logo reflects a real love of role-playing games at the company. Virtual tabletops let scattered friends keep playing.
- He prefers to self-host because "the cloud is just someone else's computer". He wants control of his game data and no surprise price increases as storage grows.
- He recommends Foundry VTT, a mostly Node.js/JavaScript app that he finds very customisable, with well-documented APIs. He says AI coding tools such as Windsurf make it fast to extend. He likes being able to duplicate worlds for another table and to let players log in between sessions to catch up.
- He used to shut his home server down to save resources, especially during the heatwave. So he moved Foundry to Clever Cloud (Node.js runtime, file-system storage, S3, PostgreSQL) and had it booting in about half an hour.
- Because there was no official Daggerheart system for Foundry yet, he coded his own over "two sleepless nights", including dice handling for success or failure "with hope" or "with fear".
- By his calculation, the Clever Cloud setup costs less than hosted Roll20. One of the €50 coupons Clever Cloud hands out at conferences such as Devoxx would cover about a year. He plans a tutorial after his break.
- He notes Foundry's one-time lifetime licence and calls it a high-quality product, but wishes it were fully open source.
- He uses Invoke AI to make or rework maps and artwork, and replaced Foundry's built-in audio/video chat with a self-hosted LiveKit and a TURN server for better quality.
- He describes Daggerheart, released on 20 May 2025, as close to the Star Wars narrative dice system, cut scene by scene like a TV series ("the breakfast, we don't care") and built around a complementary team. Its hope/fear results add nuance to D&D's binary success or failure.
- On AI coding, he says the BMAD method's "brainstorm" flow for Claude Code makes things go "so much faster", and mentions another tool (he thinks "Super Claude") where agents argue with each other.

## Outline
- [00:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=16s) Introductions: Yannick Guern (Clever Cloud R&D, FoundationDB-based products such as Materia's etcd rewrite), Erwan (on summer break), Constantin Jais (innovation lead at Crédit Agricole, met at VivaTech).
- [02:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=144s) Erwan on Clever Cloud's D20 logo, virtual tabletops and why he self-hosts.
- [03:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=238s) Foundry VTT: Node.js, modules, documented APIs, extending it with AI coding tools.
- [05:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=308s) Duplicating worlds, async access, and moving from a home server to Clever Cloud in half an hour.
- [06:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=381s) Daggerheart, Critical Role, The Legend of Vox Machina; Erwan codes his own Daggerheart system with hope/fear dice.
- [09:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=547s) Other systems (Le Donjon de Naheulbeuk); a cost comparison with Roll20; a €50 conference coupon covers a year.
- [09:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=595s) A tutorial is planned; lifetime licence; Invoke AI for artwork; the wish for full open source.
- [12:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=734s) Solo "choose your own adventure" modules. Another participant mentions community Daggerheart modules and a ready-made commercial campaign.
- [14:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=853s) The module "rabbit hole"; spatial audio; Daggerheart's design; the French crowdfunding campaign.
- [15:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=946s) A Baldur's Gate 3-style combat HUD module, Baileywiki assets, self-hosted LiveKit with TURN.
- [18:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1084s) Yannick on how a bee-logo search led him to eBPF, which he calls "the doors of infinity".
- [20:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1205s) His side project, Kubernetes rewritten in Rust on Firecracker microVMs, and the iptables problem; where BPF comes from.
- [22:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1350s) User space, kernel space, syscalls, and hooks along the path to the network card.
- [25:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1517s) Dropping or redirecting packets without netfilter; the in-kernel VM (interpreter/JIT) and its sandbox; no heap, a tiny stack, chained programs.
- [29:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1754s) Tooling: BPF assembly, LLVM from C, Cilium in Go, then Rust with rbpf (too low-level) and Aya.
- [32:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1947s) Aya project layout: a user-space crate plus an eBPF crate, no standard library, stack-only collections, unsafe code.
- [34:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2069s) XDP: dropping traffic before the kernel stack, which Yannick says is about four times faster; redirection; tracing and logging traffic without a proxy.
- [37:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2235s) Why eBPF is not more widely used; LSM hooks (blocking a renice); portability across CPU architectures; void pointers.
- [40:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2430s) Constantin on AI scrapers' growing share of web traffic and the Anubis blocker; block or poison the well?
- [42:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2565s) llms.txt explained, and why Clever Cloud wants LLMs to find its deployment docs; browser AI features and sovereignty; LLM-first browsers.
- [47:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2866s) The Windsurf saga: OpenAI's deal collapses, Google hires the CEO and core team, Cognition (Devin) buys the rest; market consolidation; Cursor's pricing backlash.
- [51:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=3064s) VS Code forks; AWS Kiro and its spec-first flow; supercharging Claude Code with the BMAD method; agents that argue with each other.
- [54:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=3246s) Non-developers writing code need support; opencode.ai; Gemini CLI's generous free tier.
- [56:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=3410s) Context windows: Gemini's large window versus Claude's summarise-and-compact approach; Windsurf and Cursor managing context.
- [59:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=3553s) Wrap-up; Constantin picks Strudel (strudel.cc) for live-coded closing music.

## Notable quotes
> "Le cloud ne reste que l'ordinateur de quelqu'un d'autre." — Erwan Rougeux, [03:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=216s)
*"The cloud is still just someone else's computer."*

> "En à peine une demi-heure, j'ai réussi à booter une version de Node JS." — Erwan Rougeux, [05:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=355s)
*"In barely half an hour, I managed to boot a Node.js version"* (of Foundry VTT on Clever Cloud).

> "J'étais moins cher qu'un Roll20 hébergé." — Erwan Rougeux, [09:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=572s)
*"I came out cheaper than a hosted Roll20."*

> "Je suis arrivé à ce que j'appelle les portes de l'infini." — Yannick Guern, [19:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1154s)
*"I reached what I call the doors of infinity."* (about eBPF)

## Questions this answers
**Q: Why does Erwan Rougeux self-host his role-playing game tools?**
A: He says the cloud is "someone else's computer". He wants control over campaign data that keeps growing, and does not want to be hit by price increases. See [03:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=216s).

**Q: Can you host Foundry VTT on Clever Cloud, and what does it cost?**
A: Erwan ran it on Clever Cloud's Node.js runtime with file-system storage, S3 and PostgreSQL in about half an hour. He found it cheaper than hosted Roll20, and says a €50 conference coupon would cover about a year. See [05:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=355s) and [09:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=572s).

**Q: Is there a Daggerheart system for Foundry VTT?**
A: When Erwan started there was no official one, so he coded his own with AI help, including the hope/fear dice. Another participant notes that community modules already exist. See [07:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=476s) and [13:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=784s).

**Q: What is eBPF and how do you write it in Rust?**
A: Yannick Guern describes eBPF as sandboxed programs that run inside the Linux kernel and can be controlled from user space, for firewalling, redirection or tracing. In Rust, the Aya framework generates a user-space crate and a no_std eBPF crate. See [22:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1350s) and [31:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=1899s).

**Q: How can a website deal with AI scraper bots?**
A: Constantin mentions Anubis, a widely used open-source blocker, and the debate between blocking and poisoning. The hosts explain that llms.txt lets a site like Clever Cloud's deliberately guide LLMs to useful docs. See [40:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2450s) and [43:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2589s).

**Q: What happened to Windsurf in July 2025?**
A: As the hosts tell it, OpenAI's planned acquisition fell through, Google hired Windsurf's CEO and core team for DeepMind, and Cognition (maker of Devin) bought the remaining company and product. They read it as the start of consolidation. See [47:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGlcOcZlcc&t=2866s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Crédit Agricole, VivaTech, Foundry VTT, Roll20, Daggerheart, Critical Role, The Legend of Vox Machina, Dungeons & Dragons, Star Wars RPG, Powered by the Apocalypse, Le Donjon de Naheulbeuk, Baldur's Gate 3, Baileywiki, Invoke AI, LiveKit, Devoxx, Node.js, S3, PostgreSQL, Windsurf, FoundationDB, Materia, etcd, eBPF, Apache Hive, Kubernetes, Firecracker, iptables, netfilter, LLVM, Cilium, Go, Rust, rbpf, Aya, Yeoman, XDP, LSM, SQLite, Anubis, llms.txt, sitemap.xml, Microsoft Edge, OpenAI, Perplexity, Google, Bing, DeepMind, Cognition, Devin, Cursor, Replit, VS Code, GitHub Copilot, AWS Kiro, Claude Code, BMAD method, opencode.ai, Gemini, Gemini CLI, Strudel


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-132.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-04-maci-132
title: "Les sangliers occitans développent leur Home Assistant depuis leurs canapés connectés"
title_en: "Occitan wild boars develop their Home Assistant from their connected sofas"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Idriss Neumann, Sylvain Wallez]
date: 2025-04-22
event: "Message à caractère informatique #132"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "59:30"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E
slides: null
topics: [home automation, home assistant, esphome, video surveillance, reverse engineering, bluetooth, local control, diy hardware]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Les sangliers occitans développent leur Home Assistant depuis leurs canapés connectés

**In one sentence:** The second MACI episode on Home Assistant, where the guests show their own projects. Erwan describes hacking his air fryer, his home-cinema sofa and his coffee machine, plus camera-based parcel and umbrella detection, all run locally.

## TL;DR
Recorded on 22 April 2025, right after episode 131, this episode has host Horacio Gonzalez with Idriss Neumann, Sylvain Wallez (Elastic) and Erwan Rougeux (Clever Cloud, international growth). Sylvain tells how he scares away the wild boars that dig up his garden near Toulouse: cameras, an ESP32, a car horn driven by PWM and police-style LEDs. Idriss recalls an aquaponics monitoring project that ran Elasticsearch and Kibana on Raspberry Pis for farms with poor connectivity, and his current work on serverless functions, MQTT and LLMs. Erwan shows small "useless but indispensable" hacks: an ad-free air fryer through Pyscript, a motorised sofa joined to a cinema mode, Frigate with a Coral TPU for parcels and umbrellas, circadian lighting and a one-button coffee. The episode ends with Music Assistant and the idea that Home Assistant reveals problems you had not noticed.

## Erwan's key points
- He calls himself "a good engineer: lazy first". His Philips air fryer app was full of ads. Digging into it, he found an unprotected SQLite database holding an API token and secret. With an existing Python project and Pyscript from HACS (the Home Assistant Community Store), he now preheats and starts cooking from Home Assistant.
- He hacked his motorised sofa without damaging it. Under it, the actuator was wired with an RJ9 plug ("not RJ11"), so an H-bridge and MOSFETs were enough. RJ9 splitters keep the original side buttons working. A HACS card add-on fixed Home Assistant's lack of press-and-hold buttons, for about 10 minutes of work.
- His Home Assistant "cinema mode" button closes the shutters, sets the side lights, closes the cinema-room doors, switches on the amplifier, preamp and projector, and now reclines the sofa.
- For cameras he recommends Frigate as a hub for CCTV cameras, with recording rules and PTZ control. He adds a Coral TPU (dual-core, NVMe) from Google for local person and object detection.
- His parcel box, built from a magnetic lock salvaged from a building site, has C-3PO thank the courier when it opens. Frigate then takes a snapshot, a "mugshot" if someone steals a parcel. He cites a study saying burglars mostly ignore alarms but not cameras.
- He has Frigate look for umbrellas, which some burglars use to hide from cameras, as a pre-alarm. Coupled with a weather station, an umbrella when it is not raining signals a real problem. It sometimes mistakes the garden parasol for an umbrella.
- He has no indoor cameras. The outdoor garden camera switches off automatically when Wi-Fi or the Home Assistant app shows someone is home.
- He recommends a circadian lighting module. It adapts each bulb's brightness and colour temperature to the sun's position, so night-time lights come on dimmed. He says it also saves electricity.
- His Melitta coffee machine only works through a Bluetooth app. He captured its Bluetooth frames with Android's developer mode and Wireshark, and made a one-button "coffee for Erwan" in Home Assistant. Projects like this, he says, build skills that matter for things like industrial security.
- He uses Grocy as "the ERP of your home", with recipes and an automatic shopping list. He has just installed Music Assistant with music that follows him around the house. His conclusion: "sky is the limit". Take your problems and look for solutions, because someone has probably solved them already.

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=0s) Opening: the sequel to the previous episode, for the guests' more original projects.
- [01:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=83s) Round of introductions: Erwan (Clever Cloud), Sylvain (Elastic, client SDKs), Idriss (a deployment and serverless platform).
- [02:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=126s) Sylvain's wild boars: his house sits on a boar route between the Canal du Midi and the fields; years of dug-up lawn and broken fences.
- [05:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=326s) A first camera and the #sanglicam videos; an electric fence around the vegetable garden.
- [09:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=567s) Inspiration from Mathieu Passenaud's car-horn bird scarers: cheap, and an urban sound rather than a gunshot.
- [11:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=667s) MOSFETs, an ESP32 and a scrapyard car battery; PWM in ESPHome to tune the horn to low frequencies that carry less far.
- [12:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=736s) A dashboard with a "pouet pouet" button; motion detection at night triggers horn and flashing LEDs. The boars left.
- [15:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=923s) Next steps: cheap outdoor IKEA Zigbee motion sensors at each crossing point; a windscreen-wiper motor that thumps the ground.
- [17:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1059s) Reolink cameras reused for person detection at the gate and alarm modes for home or away.
- [19:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1145s) Erwan: Frigate for CCTV and a Coral TPU for object detection.
- [19:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1191s) Erwan: couriers who do not ring, a hacked doorbell, a parcel box with C-3PO and a snapshot.
- [21:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1298s) Erwan: umbrella detection as a pre-alarm; garden camera off when someone is home.
- [23:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1387s) Idriss: monitoring aquaponics and hydroponics for farmers, offline first with occasional sync.
- [25:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1521s) Elasticsearch and Kibana on 32-bit ARM Raspberry Pis; the business did not take off.
- [26:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1566s) Idriss's experiments: sensors over MQTT trigger serverless functions that ask an LLM to interpret them, and functions exposed as MCP tools.
- [28:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1738s) Home Assistant's Recorder: SQLite by default, InfluxDB and an Elasticsearch connector; hourly statistics for long-term history; Jupyter notebooks for data science.
- [31:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1916s) Erwan: the lazy engineer and the Philips air fryer (SQLite secrets, HACS, Pyscript).
- [34:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2053s) Pyscript's trigger decorators; a script that creates six irrigation valve entities at once.
- [35:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2139s) Erwan: the home-cinema room and the hacked sofa (RJ9, H-bridge, MOSFETs, cinema mode, press-and-hold).
- [40:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2441s) Another participant's Bluetooth standing desk, used to measure sitting and standing time.
- [42:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2568s) An "augmented" bedside lamp: a Sonoff Zigbee button and a Lidl Zigbee bulb with dim, toggle and timed-off modes.
- [45:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2721s) Erwan: circadian lighting.
- [47:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2878s) Erwan: the Bluetooth coffee machine and learning by reverse engineering.
- [49:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2989s) Sylvain presents Music Assistant: music providers on one side, players (Chromecast, Squeezebox, Snapcast, ESPHome) on the other, and Spotify Connect.
- [55:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=3323s) Erwan: Grocy; another participant cuts a pool pump's power use with split filtration slots.
- [56:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=3393s) Wrap-up: "sky is the limit"; Home Assistant helps find problems you had not identified. Erwan has already had to leave the recording booth.

## Notable quotes
> "Ah ouais, moi je suis un bon ingénieur, j'ai la flemme d'abord." — Erwan Rougeux, [31:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1916s)
*"Oh yes, I'm a good engineer: I'm lazy first."*

> "Spoiler alert, c'était pas du RJ11, c'était du RJ9." — Erwan Rougeux, [37:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2253s)
*"Spoiler alert: it wasn't RJ11, it was RJ9."* (about his sofa's motor)

> "Ça te permet de monter en compétences sur plein de sujets." — Erwan Rougeux, [49:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2945s)
*"It helps you build skills on lots of topics."*

> "Sky the limit. Prenez vos problèmes, trouvez vos solutions." — Erwan Rougeux, [56:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=3393s)
*"Sky's the limit. Take your problems, find your solutions."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How do you scare wild boars away with Home Assistant?**
A: Sylvain Wallez uses cameras for motion detection at night to trigger a car horn driven by an ESP32 and MOSFETs on a scrapyard 12 V battery, plus flashing LEDs. PWM in ESPHome lowers the pitch so the neighbours are not disturbed. See [11:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=667s) and [12:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=736s).

**Q: How did Erwan Rougeux connect his air fryer to Home Assistant?**
A: The Philips app stored an API token and secret in an unprotected SQLite database. He combined them with an existing Python library through Pyscript, installed from HACS, to preheat and start cooking from Home Assistant. See [31:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1916s).

**Q: Can you automate a motorised sofa without damaging it?**
A: Erwan found that his sofa's actuator used an RJ9 plug. With MOSFETs as an H-bridge and RJ9 splitters, Home Assistant drives it while the original buttons still work, and it reclines as part of his cinema mode. See [37:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2253s) and [38:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2299s).

**Q: What is a good local setup for smart security cameras?**
A: Erwan recommends Frigate as a hub for CCTV cameras, with a Coral TPU for local person and object detection. He uses it for parcel snapshots and umbrella pre-alarms, and switches the garden camera off when someone is home. See [19:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1145s) and [21:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1298s).

**Q: How can Home Assistant control a Bluetooth-only appliance?**
A: Erwan captured his Melitta coffee machine's Bluetooth traffic with Android's developer mode and analysed it in Wireshark, then built a one-button coffee in Home Assistant. See [47:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2878s).

**Q: Can Elasticsearch run on a Raspberry Pi?**
A: Idriss Neumann says his team built 32-bit ARM images of Elasticsearch and Kibana and ran clusters on 4 GB Raspberry Pis for offline farm monitoring. Elastic now ships 64-bit ARM images. See [25:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=1521s).

**Q: What is Music Assistant?**
A: A project from the Home Assistant ecosystem that links music sources (Spotify, Tidal, Deezer, local files) to any player on the network, including ESPHome devices, and makes them Spotify Connect targets. See [49:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_jx9ybS5E&t=2989s).

## Mentioned
Home Assistant, Clever Cloud, Elastic, Elasticsearch, Kibana, Grafana, Toulouse, Pechabou, Canal du Midi, Lauragais, DevFest Toulouse, Mathieu Passenaud, Twitter, Bluesky, #sanglicam, ESP32, ESPHome, MOSFET, PWM, IKEA, Zigbee, Reolink, Frigate, Google Coral TPU, Chronopost, Star Wars, C-3PO, Raspberry Pi, MQTT, MCP, LLM, InfluxDB, SQLite, Jupyter, Pandas, Philips, HACS, Pyscript, Poltronesofà, Dolby Atmos, RJ9, RJ11, Amazon, Sonoff, Lidl, Melitta, Android, Wireshark, Music Assistant, Spotify, Spotify Connect, YouTube, Tidal, Deezer, Samba, Chromecast, Logitech Squeezebox, Snapcast, Sony, AliExpress, Grocy, Clever Cloud Fest


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-131.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-04-maci-131
title: "Home Assistant - domotique open source à tous les étages"
title_en: "Home Assistant: open-source home automation on every floor"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Idriss Neumann, Sylvain Wallez]
date: 2025-04-22
event: "Message à caractère informatique #131"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "58:29"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU
slides: null
topics: [home automation, home assistant, zigbee, local control, privacy, esphome, voice assistants, iot security]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Home Assistant - domotique open source à tous les étages

**In one sentence:** A special MACI episode on home automation with Home Assistant. Erwan presents it as a universal open-source hub, shares his setup (irrigation, a flashed robot vacuum, an ad-free air fryer) and argues for local, privacy-first control, down to the voice assistant.

## TL;DR
Recorded on 22 April 2025, this episode brings together three Home Assistant users: Erwan Rougeux (Clever Cloud), Idriss Neumann and Sylvain Wallez (Elastic), with host Horacio Gonzalez. They explain what home automation is and why Home Assistant works as a hub across vendors and protocols. They cover how to start: Zigbee rather than proprietary 433 MHz or Wi-Fi gear, a Raspberry Pi 4 with an SSD, and adding things step by step. Local control and privacy come back again and again: cloud-dependent devices, data-hungry gadgets, AliExpress safety, IoT VLANs. The second half covers ESPHome, DIY sensors, the voice pipeline (wake word, local or cloud speech-to-text, optional LLM) with a live demo by another participant, Nabu Casa's funding model, the Open Home Foundation and MCP. The takeaway: start small, prefer local and open devices, and rely on community integrations.

## Erwan's key points
- He introduces himself as one year into his job at Clever Cloud, in charge of international growth and of promoting the "strategic autonomy" cloud it offers in Europe to other countries and continents.
- He presents Home Assistant as a hub that unites thousands of entities from different brands in one interface. A vendor box such as Somfy's mostly handles its own products. He counts more than 2,600 entities on his own instance.
- He recalls Linux MCE, which he calls painful to configure, and tools like Jeedom and OpenHAB. He used Domoticz a lot himself. He moved to Home Assistant around 2018 because the others limited him, and praises its large community and Python base.
- He values that Home Assistant offers both point-and-click and YAML, and recommends community blueprints. One runs his garden irrigation from a Gardena soil sensor, a water valve and Météo-France data: no dead plants and, he says, about 50% less water.
- He advises starting small and building in layers, "like a layer cake": he began with lights and shutters, then heating, which meant hacking a boiler with a closed protocol. For him the comfort is not a gadget: every five minutes saved can go to something else.
- He prefers local control. His firewall showed his Roborock vacuum sending about 7.5 MB per hour to Chinese IP addresses, so he flashed it with local firmware. He puts IoT devices on a dedicated SSID/VLAN, keeps AliExpress devices behind separate firewall rules, and documents his network.
- He first ran Home Assistant on his Synology NAS with his own Docker Compose (no add-on store), after Raspberry Pis kept corrupting SD cards. His home-automation stack now has 23 services.
- He is annoyed by appliances that add "IoT" so the vendor can skip a real interface. His air fryer's app pushed ads all day, so he wrote a Python script to control it from Home Assistant.
- He added ESP32 boards to his RS232-controlled home-cinema amplifiers and projector; with Windsurf the code took about 10 minutes. He praises ESPHome and Wyoming voice satellites as "an Alexa that respects your privacy".
- On voice, he runs speech-to-text locally over Wyoming ("if you're paranoid like me"), in French and English, linked to Llama 3.2 on Ollama. He exposes only 15 to 30 entities to voice, with spoken names, to avoid hallucinations. Bluetooth room presence lets his music follow him from room to room.

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=0s) Opening of a special episode on Home Assistant.
- [00:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=55s) Introductions: Idriss Neumann (testing/automation consultancy moving to a serverless platform), Sylvain Wallez (tech lead for Elastic's client SDKs, 3.5 years on Home Assistant), Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud).
- [02:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=176s) What home automation means, from alarm diallers and weather stations to lights, music and ventilation.
- [04:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=264s) Erwan: Home Assistant as a universal hub, his 2,600+ entities, Matter.
- [05:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=343s) Erwan's history with Linux MCE, Jeedom/OpenHAB and Domoticz, and his move to Home Assistant around 2018; voice and LLM features.
- [08:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=481s) Erwan: at the Clever Cloud Fest, no two Home Assistant dashboards looked alike; UI and YAML modes; blueprints; the irrigation automation and its water savings.
- [11:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=664s) Horacio asks how to start without getting locked in. Answer: proprietary 433 MHz kits versus Zigbee-labelled products (Lexman, IKEA) plus a Zigbee dongle.
- [14:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=851s) How Zigbee works: 2.4 GHz low-power mesh, coordinator, mains-powered routers, battery end devices.
- [15:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=920s) Choosing devices: open APIs, low-level sensors with ESP32/Arduino, checking Home Assistant's integration list and forums. Idriss recalls La Poste's "hub numérique" project.
- [18:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1126s) Prefer local control: homes should work without internet, and devices die with their vendor's cloud. Local Tuya; Erwan's flashed Roborock.
- [20:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1245s) Home Assistant's philosophy (local control, privacy); the Open Home Foundation now owns the project; Music Assistant.
- [22:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1341s) Build in layers (Erwan: lights, shutters, then a hacked boiler). Zeroconf discovery (Chromecast, Freebox), presence detection from the phone, monitoring as a gateway.
- [25:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1552s) Installing: Raspberry Pi 4 plus SSD, Home Assistant OS (Buildroot, Supervisor, containers), monthly releases, automatic backups, forced security updates.
- [28:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1693s) Erwan's alternative: Docker Compose on a NAS (no add-on store), 23 services; then his advice on a dedicated IoT SSID/VLAN and documentation.
- [30:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1855s) AliExpress devices: Zigbee over Wi-Fi; no permanently mains-powered device without CE compliance; Sonoff and reflashing; backdoored cameras.
- [35:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2106s) Appliances that add "IoT" instead of a real interface: Erwan's ad-pushing air fryer app, downloadable washing-machine programs, ovens with Android screens.
- [40:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2412s) Erwan: RS232 home cinema with ESP32 and Windsurf; ESPHome; Wyoming voice satellites.
- [42:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2555s) Live "OK Nabu" voice demo by another participant.
- [43:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2599s) Nabu Casa and Home Assistant Cloud (about €5/month) fund the project; the voice device's hardware.
- [45:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2718s) ESPHome is mostly YAML configuration; over-the-air updates; Erwan: Bluetooth room presence so music follows him, openWakeWord custom wake words.
- [49:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2979s) Voice pipeline: Erwan runs speech-to-text locally over Wyoming in two languages; another participant uses a cloud service. Local intent matching first, then an optional LLM; expose only a few entities and keep the boiler off voice control.
- [53:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=3212s) Another participant asks whether LLMs with MCP could replace Home Assistant; it is already both an MCP server and client.
- [54:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=3286s) Erwan: webhooks, e.g. his media center notifying his phone of a new film; phone sensors such as next alarm time.
- [56:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=3404s) Erwan: "sky is the limit". Wrap-up on the power of open source; the next episode will cover the participants' own projects.

## Notable quotes
> "Je regardais à plus de 2600 entités sur mon Home Assistant." — Erwan Rougeux, [04:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=294s)
*"I was looking: over 2,600 entities on my Home Assistant."*

> "Ce système, je l'ai mis en place l'année dernière. J'ai aucune plante qui est morte." — Erwan Rougeux, [10:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=618s)
*"I set up this system last year. Not a single plant has died."*

> "C'était quasiment 7 Mo et demi qui était envoyé par le robot en direction d'adresse IP chinoise." — Erwan Rougeux, [19:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1197s)
*"Almost 7.5 MB per hour sent by the robot to Chinese IP addresses."*

> "Moi je le vois vraiment comme un gâteau multicouche. Tu commences par ce que tu as besoin." — Erwan Rougeux, [22:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1363s)
*"I really see it as a layer cake. You start with what you need."*

> "Moi ma maison, je veux qu'elle puisse fonctionner même si la fibre est coupée." — another participant (not Erwan), [18:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1126s)
*"I want my house to keep working even if the fibre is cut."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is Home Assistant, according to Erwan Rougeux?**
A: An open-source hub that connects devices from many brands and protocols in one interface, unlike a vendor box that mainly handles its own products. He runs more than 2,600 entities on it. See [04:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=264s).

**Q: How do I start with home automation without getting locked in?**
A: The guests advise Zigbee-certified devices (Lexman, IKEA) with a Zigbee dongle, checking Home Assistant's integration list before buying, and favouring local control. Erwan adds: start with one useful thing (for him, lights and shutters) and add more in layers. See [11:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=664s) and [22:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1341s).

**Q: What hardware do I need to run Home Assistant?**
A: A Raspberry Pi 4 with an SSD running Home Assistant OS is the recommended easy path. Docker Compose on a NAS works too, but you lose the add-on store. See [25:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1552s).

**Q: Is it safe to buy smart-home devices on AliExpress?**
A: The guests say battery-powered sensors are fine, but nothing permanently on mains power without CE compliance, because of fire risk and no recourse. Erwan keeps his AliExpress devices on a separate network with their own firewall rules. See [30:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1832s) and [30:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1855s).

**Q: Why does Erwan Rougeux flash his robot vacuum?**
A: His firewall showed his Roborock sending about 7.5 MB per hour to Chinese IP addresses. He put local firmware on it. See [19:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1197s).

**Q: Can Home Assistant replace Alexa with a private voice assistant?**
A: Yes, says Erwan: ESP32-based satellites using the Wyoming protocol wake on a local wake word, can run speech-to-text locally or in the cloud, and only hand off to an LLM if needed. He shows his own satellite and another participant runs a live demo. See [42:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2532s) and [49:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2979s).

**Q: How can I control an appliance whose app is full of ads?**
A: Erwan replaced his air fryer's ad-pushing app with a small Python script driven by Home Assistant. Turning off notifications was not an option, because he would also lose the "dish ready" alert. See [35:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2130s).

**Q: How does Home Assistant fund itself?**
A: Nabu Casa, the company started by Home Assistant's founder, employs many core contributors and sells Home Assistant Cloud for about €5 a month. The Open Home Foundation now owns the project. See [43:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=2599s) and [20:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61qNdFplZsU&t=1245s).

## Mentioned
Home Assistant, Clever Cloud, Elastic, Somfy, Philips Hue, Matter, Linux MCE, Jeedom, OpenHAB, Domoticz, Python, YAML, Gardena, Météo-France, Zigbee, Lexman, Leroy Merlin, IKEA, DHT22, ESP32, Arduino, La Poste (hub numérique), CES Las Vegas, Netatmo, Archos, Local Tuya, Roborock, Open Home Foundation, Music Assistant, Freebox, Chromecast, Raspberry Pi 4, Buildroot, Docker, Docker Compose, Synology, Clever Cloud Fest, AliExpress, Alibaba Cloud, Sonoff, Xiaomi, OpenBSD, RS232, Windsurf, ESPHome, Wyoming protocol, Nabu Casa, Home Assistant Cloud, Alexa, openWakeWord, Whisper, Google, Ollama, Llama 3.2, MCP


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-04-maci-129.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-04-maci-129
title: "GIMP prend les ARM de Warp pour coder des app de maraichage open source avec l'IA"
title_en: "GIMP takes Warp's ARMs to code open-source market-gardening apps with AI"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Mathias Herberts, Quentin Adam]
date: 2025-04-18
event: "Message à caractère informatique #129"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "1:10:45"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78
slides: null
topics: [time series, warp 10, ai-assisted development, windsurf, open source, agriculture, data sovereignty, arm processors]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# GIMP prend les ARM de Warp pour coder des app de maraichage open source avec l'IA

**In one sentence:** Episode 129 of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast covers Warp 10, AI coding with Windsurf, GIMP 3.0, Brinjel and SoftBank buying Ampere. Erwan presents Brinjel and argues it gives farmers back control over their data.

## TL;DR
Host Horacio Gonzalez says the episode was recorded on 28 March 2025; it was published on 18 April. Mathias Herberts (SenX) presents Warp 10, its integrations, an AI assistant and what is new in release 3.5.0. Erwan describes using Warp 10's Fourier transform to check handpan notes during a stopover at Abidjan airport. The hosts then discuss coding with Windsurf: their view is that it helps experienced developers more than beginners. Erwan presents Brinjel, an open-source crop-planning tool for market gardeners, which he adapted to Clever Cloud with Windsurf in half a day. The episode ends with GIMP 3.0, SoftBank's purchase of Ampere Computing, ARM servers and RISC-V. Erwan leaves before the end for another meeting.

## Erwan's key points
- He introduces himself as head of international growth at Clever Cloud, which he joined "a short year" earlier.
- He describes a trip where he and Steven, whom he calls Clever Cloud's CTO, were stuck at an airport. He was trying to write Rust code with Windsurf to check that a recorded handpan note contains its octave and its third. Steven suggested Warp 10's built-in Fourier transform, and it took them 30 minutes on the Abidjan airport connection.
- He calls Windsurf "a great tool" and "my new drug". Once an app is ready, he says, it can read Clever Cloud's documentation and add the commands needed to deploy, so "in one prompt you are in production". The downside: it sometimes hallucinates, loses context and "swings an axe" at the code before patching its own mistakes. His tip is to select the whole code and send it to Cascade so it gets the full context.
- He presents Brinjel: an open-source tool for planning market-garden crops, written in Elixir by an independent developer and offered as a hosted service.
- He argues that agriculture is already heavily connected (IoT sensors, tractor GPS). Farmers should keep control of their data so that buyers cannot use it to work out their margins and squeeze their prices.
- He sees the same need in many emerging countries that want to modernise farming without losing strategic autonomy. He expects open-source tools like Brinjel to be adapted locally, for example in Africa or South America.
- He had never written Elixir. In half a day, Windsurf added PostgreSQL 17, S3 object storage and Clever Cloud's mail service, the app went to production on Clever Cloud, and he opened merge requests for the main developer.
- He praises Brinjel for its polished interface and for fitting real needs, which he says is rare for such a niche open-source tool.
- Asked about the ChatGPT "Studio Ghibli" image filter, he says he has not tried it.
- Likely Erwan (mixed voice): technical people should play with AI coding tools. Otherwise the media space will fill up with non-technical people saying developers are useless, when these tools help most those who already understand development.

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=0s) Introductions: Horacio, Erwan (international growth, about a year at Clever Cloud), Mathias Herberts (co-founder of SenX, maker of Warp 10) and Quentin Adam.
- [02:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=127s) Warp 10 basics: a platform for sensor and time-series data, about 12 years old, that runs standalone (even on a first-generation Raspberry Pi), in a "standalone+" mode, or distributed on FoundationDB.
- [05:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=327s) Integrations (Spark, Databricks, Trino, Kafka Streams, NiFi, Snowflake in progress), Discovery dynamic dashboards, a SaaS offer, and a natural-language AI assistant (its name is unclear in the captions).
- [09:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=578s) Erwan's story of the handpan note checked with Warp 10's Fourier transform while waiting for a flight.
- [11:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=672s) Warp 10 is at the core of Clever Cloud's observability and of Materia TS. The hosts cover BUCKETIZE for resampling messy sensor data and fraud detection at a bank.
- [14:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=858s) Release 3.5.0: a generic key-value store, FILL speeded up from about 47 s to 300 ms on a test case, and FoundationDB metrics contributed by Clever Cloud.
- [17:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1067s) About 1,300 built-in functions (Fourier, linear regression, quaternions, LTTB downsampling, RTFM), usable outside Warp 10 too.
- [21:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1286s) AI-assisted development: Copilot, Cursor, JetBrains, then Windsurf, a VS Code fork from the Codeium team. A participant describes building whole internal tools without typing code.
- [25:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1543s) Experienced developers get more out of these tools ("like a junior next to me").
- [27:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1634s) Erwan: Windsurf reads Clever Cloud's docs to deploy an app in one prompt; hallucinations and "axe blows" are the downside.
- [29:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1754s) Strict compilers (Rust, TypeScript) help the AI. Tips: ask the model whether it has questions; remember that LLMs keep no memory and the editor resends the context; keep files small; roll back to earlier steps.
- [34:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2079s) AI as a prototyping tool, compared with 3D printing during the ventilator project; security reviews; startups; why technical people should engage with AI rather than dismiss it.
- [38:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2336s) Results by language (Scala weaker, Rust good) and Gemini's large context window in Windsurf.
- [40:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2405s) GIMP 3.0: non-destructive editing, no AI marketing, a long-lived community. Erwan has not tried the Ghibli filter.
- [44:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2644s) Erwan presents Brinjel, data sovereignty in farming, and his Windsurf port of Brinjel to Clever Cloud.
- [47:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2839s) A DevFest Toulouse keynote on farming tech. The hosts discuss farmers' data, John Deere (compared with the F-35's maintenance lock-in) and lobbying in Brussels.
- [52:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=3160s) SoftBank buys Ampere Computing: SoftBank's history (Aldebaran, WeWork, ARM) and how ARM licensing works.
- [56:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=3403s) Renée James and Ampere's ARM-server vision; ARM's low power use; memories of Guillemot/Hercules ARM netbooks.
- [1:00:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=3642s) Ampere core density, Clever Cloud tests, interest in a European ARM chip, and what the deal could mean.
- [1:05:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=3902s) RISC-V: an open ISA, backed by China and the European Commission; Framework's RISC-V mainboard.
- [1:09:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=4186s) Erwan leaves for another meeting; outro.

## Notable quotes
> "Super outil, c'est devenu ma nouvelle drogue." — Erwan Rougeux, [10:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=602s)
*"Great tool, it's become my new drug."* (about Windsurf)

> "Ça nous a pris 30 minutes en attendant notre avion à l'aéroport avec la connexion d'Abidjan." — Erwan Rougeux, [10:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=649s)
*"It took us 30 minutes waiting for our plane at the airport, on the Abidjan connection."*

> "Et en une question, en un prompt, tu es en production sur Clever." — Erwan Rougeux, [27:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1634s)
*"With one question, one prompt, you're in production on Clever."* (about Windsurf)

> "Ça te permet de récupérer un contrôle sur tes datas." — Erwan Rougeux, [45:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2719s)
*"It lets you take back control of your data."* (about Brinjel)

> "J'ai jamais fait d'élixir de ma vie." — Erwan Rougeux, [46:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2768s)
*"I've never written Elixir in my life."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is Brinjel and why does Erwan Rougeux recommend it?**
A: Brinjel is an open-source crop-planning tool for market gardeners, written in Elixir. Erwan recommends it because it lets farmers keep control of their data and could be localised for emerging countries. See [44:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2644s).

**Q: How did Erwan Rougeux deploy Brinjel on Clever Cloud?**
A: He had never written Elixir, so he asked Windsurf to add PostgreSQL 17, S3 storage and Clever Cloud's mail service. In half a day the app was in production, and he sent the changes upstream as merge requests. See [46:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2768s).

**Q: Can an AI editor like Windsurf deploy an app to Clever Cloud?**
A: Erwan says yes: when the app is ready, Windsurf reads Clever Cloud's documentation, works out the runtime (Rust, Node.js…) and adds the needed commands, so one prompt puts it in production. See [27:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1634s).

**Q: Can Warp 10 analyse audio, such as musical notes?**
A: Yes. Erwan describes splitting a handpan recording into short chunks and using Warp 10's Fourier transform to check the note, its octave and its third. It took about 30 minutes at an airport. See [09:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=578s).

**Q: What is new in Warp 10 3.5.0?**
A: Mathias Herberts lists a generic key-value store in every edition, much faster FILL (from about 47 s to 300 ms on a test case) and FoundationDB metrics contributed by Clever Cloud. See [14:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=858s).

**Q: Do AI coding tools like Windsurf replace developers?**
A: The hosts say no: experienced developers get the most out of them, and the tool acts like a fast junior who needs guidance. It is strongest on boilerplate, documentation, prototyping and strictly compiled languages. See [25:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=1543s).

**Q: Why does farm data sovereignty matter?**
A: Erwan argues that buyers can use farm data to squeeze farmers' prices. The hosts add that big equipment makers such as John Deere control both the data and the firmware. See [45:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2719s) and [48:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=2910s).

**Q: Why does SoftBank buying Ampere Computing matter?**
A: The hosts see it as SoftBank pairing ARM with a strong ARM server chip, which could make ARM servers mainstream rather than marginal. See [52:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZEe6CMOV78&t=3160s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, SenX, Warp 10, FoundationDB, HBase, Discovery, Materia TS, Amazon Timestream, InfluxDB (Flux), Spark, Databricks, Trino, Snowflake, Kafka Streams, NiFi, Raspberry Pi, Windsurf, Codeium, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, JetBrains, VS Code, Claude, Gemini, ChatGPT, Maven, Vagrant, Docker, SQLx, FFmpeg, WebAssembly, Rust, Scala, Pekko, Elixir, GIMP, Inkscape, Brinjel, Mathieu Passenaud, DevFest Toulouse, John Deere, F-35, SoftBank, ARM, Ampere Computing, Renée James, Intel, AMD, Apple, Amazon Graviton, Marvell, Samsung, NTT Docomo, KDDI, Aldebaran (Nao), WeWork, Nvidia, TSMC, ASML, Huawei, Guillemot, Hercules, RISC-V, Eclipse Foundation, European Commission, Framework, Fedora, Abidjan


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale
title: "Stratégie internationale"
title_en: "International strategy"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: []
date: 2025-02-06
event: "Clever Cloud Fest 2025"
place: "Palace d'iciLundi, Nantes, France"
format: talk
language: fr
duration: "11:47"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2025-02-clever-cloud-fest-strategie-internationale/
topics: [international expansion, digital sovereignty, africa, partnerships, local currency, cloud, geopolitics]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Stratégie internationale

**In one sentence:** Less than a year after joining Clever Cloud, Erwan Rougeux sets out its international strategy: partner locally, price in local currency, reinvest revenue in local R&D, and build a "humanist cloud" with the Global South, especially Africa.

## TL;DR
Erwan opens by saying he and CEO Quentin Adam agreed not to "do like the others", given the mistakes Western companies have made abroad. He describes a polarised internet: US data capitalism, Russia and China protecting themselves, and Europe as a "digital neo-colony" of the US, which he says captures 80% of digital value. Demographics point to the South, Africa above all. Clever Cloud's answer is to find local partners who know their market and package its technology into local offers, bill in local currency to protect startups from dollar swings, and reinvest revenue locally in R&D centres, towards "Clever Cloud Africa", "Asia" and "South America". In the Q&A he says he has no imperialist vision and that refusing to work with people who think differently means closing doors, while noting that current embargoes, such as on Russia, rule some countries out.

## Erwan's key points
- He joined Clever Cloud less than a year before the talk to drive international growth, and calls himself, half joking, "a nice hippie with plenty of ambition and values".
- He and Quentin Adam agreed that Clever Cloud should not repeat the mistakes Western players made abroad, and should build strategic partnerships instead.
- He grew up with the internet, learned his skills from its community over 56k dial-up, and contrasts that borderless world with today's polarised internet.
- He says Europe is a "digital neo-colony" of the United States, with 80% of digital value captured by the US, while other regions are ignored even though they may be the tech world's "eldorado".
- He cites UN projections: one young person in four will be African by 2050, and about 40% of the world's population by 2100. The future is in these regions, so Clever Cloud must go international now.
- R&D strength is not enough; Clever Cloud needs a sustainable business model and ecosystem. He contrasts "multinational" with "multi-national".
- From 15 years of travelling the world he takes acculturation: languages and countries shape how we think, so a cloud designed by Europeans for Europeans does not fit other markets. Local partners help package the product for their market.
- Local currency protects local startups: a startup in Abidjan paying a US provider in dollars can see its bill multiply overnight when the currency moves.
- Revenue stays and is reinvested locally. Repatriating it would mean losing three times (exchange rate, transfer, French taxes) to hire developers in France who are no better than those in Abidjan. He notes he holds a master's in plant biotechnology and taught himself to code; passion and internet access are all it takes.
- Q&A: he says his role is not to change countries or how people see the world, and that good and bad guys only exist in films; still, an offer in Russia does not exist under the current embargo.

## Outline
- [0:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=1s) Introduction: joined Clever Cloud less than a year ago; agreeing with Quentin Adam not to repeat Western mistakes abroad.
- [0:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=49s) Growing up with the internet and 56k dial-up, a world without borders.
- [1:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=73s) Today's polarised internet: the US, Russia and China, and Europe as a US "digital neo-colony".
- [2:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=122s) An overlooked "eldorado": ageing Europe and US versus growing Southern populations; UN projections on Africa.
- [2:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=175s) Tech investment forecasts in which Europe lags; if Clever Cloud doesn't go international now, it is too late.
- [3:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=198s) "Deploy fast or die": technologies change every few years, from VMs to Docker, Kubernetes and functions as a service.
- [4:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=245s) R&D is not enough: a sustainable ecosystem and partners in Côte d'Ivoire, Morocco, Southeast Asia, Kazakhstan and South America.
- [4:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=292s) Fifteen years of travel and acculturation: a European cloud does not match other markets; partners package local offers.
- [5:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=341s) Pricing in local currency, and the example of an Abidjan startup exposed to the dollar.
- [6:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=410s) Keeping revenue local; why repatriating it loses three times; talent is everywhere.
- [7:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=457s) Self-taught developer with a plant biotech master's; local R&D centres and Clever Cloud Africa/Asia/South America for a "humanist cloud".
- [8:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=534s) Q&A: what are the risks of local Clever Clouds in countries in conflict, such as Russia and Ukraine?
- [9:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=567s) No imperialist vision; anyone who wants strategic autonomy can grow with Clever Cloud, but the Russian embargo rules it out for now.
- [10:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=616s) Geopolitics in shades of grey (the change in Syria); refusing access closes doors on the borderless internet of the 1990s.
- [11:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=664s) Listening to people who don't think like you; closing.

## Notable quotes
> "il fallait pas faire comme les autres parce qu'on a fait beaucoup de bêtises dans le passé, les Occidentaux, sur pas mal de territoires" — Erwan Rougeux, [0:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=25s)
*"We shouldn't do like the others, because we Westerners did a lot of foolish things in the past in many places."*

> "j'ai eu besoin que de deux choses : de la passion et d'un accès à Internet" — Erwan Rougeux, [7:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=457s)
*"I only needed two things: passion and internet access."*

> "les gentils, les méchants, ça n'existe que dans les films" — Erwan Rougeux, [10:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=616s)
*"Good guys and bad guys only exist in films."*

> "tout seul on n'est rien, ensemble on est tout" — Erwan Rougeux, [11:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=664s)
*"Alone we are nothing, together we are everything."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: Why is Clever Cloud expanding to Africa?**
A: Erwan points to demographics: citing the UN, he says one young person in four will be African by 2050 and about 40% of the world's population by 2100, while Europe and the US are ageing. He sees these regions as the future of tech ([2:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=122s)).

**Q: How does Clever Cloud work with local partners abroad?**
A: It brings the technology and asks a local partner who knows the market and its customers to help package it into an offer for that country, because a cloud designed for Europeans does not fit other markets ([4:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=292s)).

**Q: Why does local currency matter for cloud sovereignty?**
A: Erwan's example: a startup in Abidjan paying a US cloud in dollars can see its bill jump tenfold overnight when the exchange rate moves, which no startup survives. Billing in local currency keeps costs flat ([5:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=341s)).

**Q: What does Clever Cloud do with revenue earned abroad?**
A: It keeps it and reinvests it locally in R&D centres, aiming at regional entities like Clever Cloud Africa or Asia, instead of losing value through exchange, transfer and taxes ([6:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=410s), [7:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=457s)).

**Q: Would Clever Cloud work with countries like Russia?**
A: Erwan says his role is not to change countries and he has no imperialist vision, but under the current embargo an offer in Russia does not exist and won't for now ([9:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=567s)).

**Q: What is Erwan Rougeux's background?**
A: In this talk he says he holds a master's in plant biotechnology, taught himself to code through the internet community, travelled the world for 15 years, and joined Clever Cloud less than a year before February 2025 ([7:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=435s), [4:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lDye2eJKow&t=292s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Clever Cloud Fest, Quentin Adam, Steven Le Roux, AWS, Microsoft, UN (ONU), Docker, Kubernetes, FISA, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Southeast Asia, South America, Africa, United States, Russia, China, Ukraine, Syria


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-11-maci-123.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2024-11-maci-123
title: "Akwaba Clever Cloud Africa"
title_en: "Welcome, Clever Cloud Africa"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Steven Le Roux, Bruno-Emmanuel Seka]
date: 2024-11-26
event: "Message à caractère informatique #123"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "57:12"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA
slides: null
topics: [clever cloud africa, international expansion, côte d'ivoire, open source, redis, chrome, freebsd, pretty-gpx]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Akwaba Clever Cloud Africa

**In one sentence:** In this episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast, Erwan Rougeux, speaking live from Abidjan as VP International Growth, announces Clever Cloud Africa: the first step of the company's international strategy, built with local partners and due in production in January 2025.

## TL;DR
Host Horacio Gonzalez is joined by Steven Le Roux (Clever Cloud CTO), Erwan Rougeux and guest Bruno-Emmanuel Seka ("Best", DataConnect). Erwan presents Clever Cloud Africa: a base in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, partnerships with DataConnect and the New Digital Africa group signed that week, and production planned for January 2025. Steven presents the first Clever Cloud Fest (February 2025), which marks the company's roughly 15 years of organic growth. The panel then discusses Redis Inc.'s legal pressure on the redis-rs maintainer and the Valkey fork, corporate-backed open source, the Flutter fork Flock, the US DoJ push for Google to sell Chrome, and a sceptical look at "Lidl Cloud". Erwan recommends Pretty GPX, an open-source tool that turns GPS traces into posters, and Best describes his FreeBSD-based distribution.

## Erwan's key points
Attribution follows local identification of Erwan's voice; other speakers are named only where the recording makes it clear.
- He introduces himself as vice-president in charge of Clever Cloud's international growth, speaking live from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
- He calls Clever Cloud Africa "the first stone" of Clever Cloud's international strategy. The product has reached a level of maturity that now allows it to go international.
- He states the goal as making developers around the world more efficient and helping them save money.
- He explains the choice of Abidjan as a hub from which to reach the whole region.
- He describes the model as relying on strong local partners with deep technical knowledge, namely DataConnect and the New Digital Africa group. Their role is to "acculturate" the product to the needs of the region's developers.
- He announces that the partnership was signed that week and that the service would be in production in Côte d'Ivoire from January 2025 ([3:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=194s)). (Likely Erwan) Asked about the speed, he credits partners who know the business well.
- He recommends Pretty GPX, a Python application that turns a GPX trace into a poster, with light and dark themes, mountain or city layouts and OpenStreetMap data. He used it to turn the GPS trace of a sailing outing during the Vendée Globe into a gift for his father, made into a puzzle.
- He explains that he preferred it to paid services because he wanted an SVG file he could customise, and that he found it simply by searching GitHub. For him, this shows that open-source communities always have a solution to any problem.
- He finds the result so polished that others would have sold it as a SaaS. He has not yet tried running it on Clever Cloud, but says it uses a runtime Clever Cloud supports, so it should be easy once he has time ([48:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2915s), [49:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2967s)).

## Outline
- [0:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=16s) Introductions. Steven Le Roux (engineer and technical director), Erwan (VP International Growth, live from Abidjan) and Bruno-Emmanuel Seka, who heads cloud computing at DataConnect and is part of the team preparing Clever Cloud's African launch.
- [1:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=118s) Erwan presents Clever Cloud Africa: the strategy, the Abidjan hub, the partners and the January 2025 production date.
- [4:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=251s) Steven presents Clever Cloud Fest: celebrating close to 15 years, organic growth without VC money, and a vision of automating the whole information system rather than stopping at developers. He also comments on OVH.
- [6:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=419s) Redis Inc. lawyers pressure the maintainer of the Rust Redis client, who makes it public in a GitHub issue. The hosts discuss trademark tactics and Valkey as the community answer.
- [11:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=683s) The Valkey fork unblocked contributions. Forking is presented as a healthy way to resolve diverging visions.
- [13:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=801s) What this means for corporate-backed open source (MongoDB, Elastic, Android, Terraform, the Linux Foundation).
- [16:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=974s) The Linux Foundation described as political. Investor pressure leads to lock-in. Elastic's return to an open licence, and PostGIS as a healthy model. The sustainability of open source is the underlying issue.
- [19:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1159s) Anecdote of a retired Finistère resident who became a top kernel contributor by rewriting webcam support for his wife's PC.
- [20:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1252s) Flutter forked as Flock: the community wants to move faster than Google's shrunken team, with possible upstream re-merges.
- [24:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1468s) Nextcloud and ownCloud exchanging patches. The Google graveyard and Angular.
- [26:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1578s) The DoJ wants Google to divest Chrome. The panel debates the technical versus financial impact, and Chrome's role in web standards.
- [30:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1806s) "Chrome is the new IE": Safari's renewed effort, Firefox's funding, and the need for several engines.
- [31:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1879s) Who could buy Chrome without recreating the monopoly problem: Microsoft, Apple, X/Grok, Amazon.
- [34:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2091s) A foundation or consortium as the least controversial outcome, with Kubernetes and HDMI as comparisons.
- [39:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2343s) "Lidl Cloud": a LinkedIn post shows that sign-up does not work. The hosts warn against hype and note that European providers (OVH, Scaleway, Hetzner) were missing from the coverage.
- [44:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2640s) Erwan's pick: Pretty GPX, the story behind it, its features and why open source.
- [47:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2842s) The others praise the rendering. Erwan says it could have been sold as a SaaS and that he hasn't yet tried it on Clever Cloud.
- [49:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2986s) Best's FreeBSD-based distribution. He chose FreeBSD for ZFS and likes jails, rctl and PF: a slower but cleaner base.
- [53:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=3208s) Netflix's FreeBSD streaming fleet, reaching about 800 Gbps per box, and what that says about the energy cost of streaming.
- [55:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=3301s) An OpenBSD memory and praise for PF's clean semantics. Goodbye and "rendez-vous in January for Clever Cloud Africa".

## Notable quotes
> "Nous avons décidé de nous implanter en Côte d'Ivoire, particulièrement à Abidjan, pour pouvoir rayonner dans l'ensemble de la région." — Erwan Rougeux, [2:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=170s)
*"We decided to set up in Côte d'Ivoire, in Abidjan in particular, so we can reach the whole region."*

> "On vient de signer notre partenariat cette semaine, les choses avancent vite." — Erwan Rougeux, [3:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=194s)
*"We have just signed our partnership this week; things are moving fast."*

> "Les communautés open source ont toujours une solution à n'importe quel problème." — Erwan Rougeux, [46:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2819s)
*"Open-source communities always have a solution to any problem."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is Clever Cloud Africa?**
A: According to Erwan Rougeux, it is the first step of Clever Cloud's international strategy: a presence in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, serving as a hub for the region and built with local partners DataConnect and the New Digital Africa group ([2:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=148s)).

**Q: When did Clever Cloud launch in Côte d'Ivoire?**
A: In this episode, recorded on 26 November 2024, Erwan says the partnership had just been signed that week and that production was planned for January 2025 ([3:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=194s)).

**Q: Why does Clever Cloud expand internationally through local partners?**
A: Erwan explains that partners with strong technical knowledge help adapt ("acculturate") the product to regional developers' needs. Relying on people who know the business also lets Clever Cloud move fast ([3:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=194s)).

**Q: How can I turn a GPX track into a poster?**
A: Erwan recommends Pretty GPX, an open-source Python project on GitHub. It renders GPX traces over OpenStreetMap data, with several light and dark themes and mountain or city styles, and can export SVG for customisation ([44:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=2653s)).

**Q: What happened between Redis Inc. and the redis-rs maintainer?**
A: The panel describes Redis Inc. pressuring the maintainer of the Rust Redis client with legal and trademark arguments. The maintainer made the matter public in a GitHub issue, and the panel sees Valkey as the community's answer ([6:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=419s)).

**Q: What happens if Google has to sell Chrome?**
A: The panel thinks the technical impact would be limited, because Chromium's code is open, but the financial impact on Google would be significant. Their worries are that any buyer could recreate the monopoly problem and that Google's work on web standards might stall. A foundation or consortium looks like the least controversial outcome to them ([26:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5oZVmLFgXA&t=1578s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Clever Cloud Africa, Clever Cloud Fest, DataConnect, New Digital Africa, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, OVHcloud, Redis, redis-rs, Valkey, MongoDB, Elastic, Android, Terraform, Linux Foundation, PostGIS, Linux kernel, Flutter, Flock, Google, Nextcloud, ownCloud, Angular, Chrome, Chromium, US Department of Justice, Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, Mozilla, Microsoft, Bing, Apple, X, Grok, Elon Musk, Amazon, Oracle, OpenOffice, MySQL, Kubernetes, HDMI, Lidl Cloud, Scaleway, Hetzner, Pretty GPX, OpenStreetMap, Conda, Ravensburger, Vendée Globe, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, OpenBSD, ZFS, PF, Netflix, Horacio Gonzalez, Steven Le Roux, Bruno-Emmanuel Seka


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-09-maci-116.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2024-09-maci-116
title: "Les IA conférencières recentrent Voyager 1 en CSS"
title_en: "Conference-going AIs re-centre Voyager 1 in CSS"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Valentin Maerten, Gilles Biannic (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2024-09-27
event: "Message à caractère informatique #116"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "57:07"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50
slides: null
topics: [tech conferences, digital sovereignty, africa, ai-assisted coding, rust, chatgpt, ai ecology, voyager 1]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Les IA conférencières recentrent Voyager 1 en CSS

**In one sentence:** A MACI episode on tech conferences, CSS centring, Voyager 1 and AI, where Erwan calls on public authorities to back developer events, recounts building a handpan tablature web app in Rust with ChatGPT, and argues for using AI where it really adds value.

## TL;DR
Host Horacio Gonzalez, Valentin Maerten, Gilles Biannic and Erwan Rougeux start with Touraine Tech, which Valentin co-organises, and how regional conferences live on sponsorship. Erwan, back from a mission in Abidjan, contrasts French public authorities with Côte d'Ivoire, where ministries invest in tech events. The hosts then cover CSS `align-content` for vertical centring and NASA's risky thruster manoeuvre on Voyager 1. The AI segment compares everyday uses (Cursor, Mistral, GitHub Copilot). Erwan tells how, over a few late nights, ChatGPT helped him turn a niche need (handpan tablatures) into an open-source Rust web app hosted on Clever Cloud, and ends with warnings on energy use, respect towards AI and narrowed information.

## Erwan's key points
- He says he has met extraordinary people at trade shows and events who shared their passion; the internet is fabulous, but nothing replaces meeting in person ([04:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=286s)).
- He is surprised that public authorities do not see the role of tech conferences in the economy: they are professionals and experts sharing knowledge, not "a nice meet-up of geeks", and he asks public services to support this ecosystem ([05:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=317s), [06:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=372s)).
- Back from a mission in Abidjan with Quentin Adam, he reports that in Côte d'Ivoire digital-transition ministries invest heavily and take part in tech events. He relays Quentin Adam's point that the United States hold about 80% of the global tech market and France about 0.4%, and cites the US Small Business Act, with no European equivalent ([08:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=511s), [09:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=567s), [09:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=591s)).
- He spends much of his working life in a suit and tie to open doors, and argues that these subjects must be settled by several actors around a table, with politicians from all sides invited to tech events, building a bridge between technical practice and its economic and political consequences ([10:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=644s), [11:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=674s)).
- On Voyager 1, more than 25 billion km away, he admires the technical feat and the humanist reach of a project linked to Carl Sagan, kept alive with the help of retired NASA staff and their old notes. Science fiction such as Star Trek inspires and guides humanity ([20:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1233s), [22:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1358s)).
- He uses Llama 3.1 most, because it runs locally. To test ChatGPT on a niche subject, he asked it for handpan tablatures, then for a Rust web page: it proposed parsing compressed MusicXML scores, drawing the handpan in SVG, MIDI synthesis and transposing 88 piano notes onto the instrument's 9 to 12 notes ([30:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1810s), [33:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2005s), [34:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2049s)).
- He then had ChatGPT split, comment and document the code with cargo before hosting it on Clever Cloud; it flagged a zip-bomb risk in the uploaded files. About 150 exchanges and a few nights took him from idea to product. He sees AI as a catalyst for start-ups without an R&D team and for countries with technology gaps ([34:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2091s), [35:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2158s), [37:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2223s)).
- He learned to code with Stack Overflow, "copy, paste, adapt", and used ChatGPT the same way. He designs algorithms with pencil and paper; the model just translates an idea and a need into a programming language ([38:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2296s), [38:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2318s), [40:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2426s)).
- With only 8 GB of GPU, a local model takes about a minute to a minute and a half per answer against about 15 seconds for ChatGPT. He gives his AIs first names and stays polite with them, to keep our social codes. Because ChatGPT sessions can be lost, he asks the model to write a prompt that would restore its context; his assistant "Karl" now does so every evening ([45:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2706s), [47:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2838s), [47:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2860s)).
- He argues against using these tools as improved search engines, which burns GPU for little; asking for a program that then runs on an efficient host makes more sense. Like blockchain, not every project needs AI ([48:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2905s), [49:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2970s), [49:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2992s)).
- He fears AI answers act like blinkers: one compiled answer instead of several pages read with your own judgement, which could produce generations with a narrow view of complex subjects ([54:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=3276s), [54:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=3298s)).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=0s) Opening of episode 116.
- [00:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=31s) Introductions: Gilles Biannic (Clever Cloud, Brest, VM deployment team), Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud), Valentin Maerten (Tours, Pubstack, Touraine Tech, Taskfile), host Horacio Gonzalez.
- [02:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=129s) Valentin on Touraine Tech: a deliberately family-size conference; CFP open until 31 October; 6–7 February 2025; sponsors wanted.
- [04:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=286s) Erwan: human encounters, and a call to public authorities to support tech events.
- [06:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=372s) Valentin: the university hosts the event; a two-day ticket at 50 euros, so sponsors fund most of it.
- [07:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=457s) The host recalls Quentin Adam's keynote at JUG Summer Camp: geeks should speak the language of public authorities.
- [08:31](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=511s) Erwan back from Abidjan: Côte d'Ivoire's ministries invest in tech; market-share figures; the Small Business Act.
- [12:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=755s) The host on CSS `align-content`: vertical centring without flexbox, in 2024.
- [17:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1023s) Gilles: NASA restarts an old Voyager 1 thruster to keep the probe pointed at Earth.
- [20:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1207s) Erwan on the distance, Carl Sagan and retired NASA staff.
- [23:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1428s) Erwan: AI is presented as a threat to jobs, while its value as an accelerator in many countries goes unseen.
- [24:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1498s) Valentin on Cursor, an AI-first editor; its pricing.
- [27:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1634s) Gilles uses Mistral as a natural-language search engine.
- [28:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1702s) Valentin: AI to explain code, GitHub Copilot and Inline Chat in IntelliJ as an accelerator.
- [30:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1810s) Erwan: local Llama 3.1, then a handpan experiment with ChatGPT.
- [32:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1962s) From ASCII tablatures to a Rust web app: MusicXML, SVG, MIDI, transposition.
- [34:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2070s) Open-sourcing it: refactoring, documentation, security review, zip bombs, hosting on Clever Cloud.
- [37:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2267s) Does it help people learn to code? Erwan on Stack Overflow and copy-paste-adapt.
- [42:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2555s) A generic model (GPT-4o mini) went further than he expected.
- [44:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2685s) Local versus cloud models; lost sessions and the "regenerate your prompt" trick; naming AIs.
- [48:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2905s) Erwan: not an improved search engine; energy use; the blockchain comparison.
- [50:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=3036s) Others: AI trained on AI output, fewer Stack Overflow posts, keywords that make models hallucinate, a talk by Sébastien Blanc where two AIs talked to each other.
- [54:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=3254s) Erwan's worry: blinkered access to information.
- [56:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=3363s) Wrap-up; Gilles's closing song: "People Love" by Boris Way.

## Notable quotes
> "Rien ne remplace la rencontre d'humain à humain pour parler de ces sujets-là." — Erwan Rougeux, [04:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=286s)
*"Nothing replaces meeting human to human to talk about these subjects."*

> "Ce n'est pas juste un rendez-vous sympa entre geeks qui vont discuter de JavaScript." — Erwan Rougeux, [05:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=346s)
*"It's not just a nice meet-up of geeks chatting about JavaScript."*

> "Lui, il est juste là pour te traduire une idée et un besoin en langage informatique, et au final, c'est ce qu'on fait." — Erwan Rougeux, [40:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2426s)
*"It's just there to translate an idea and a need into a programming language, and in the end that's what we do."*

> "Là, tous les projets n'ont pas besoin d'IA." — Erwan Rougeux, [49:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2992s)
*"Not every project needs AI."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: Why does Erwan Rougeux think public authorities should support tech conferences?**
A: Because they are where professionals share expertise, which matters to the economy; he contrasts France with Côte d'Ivoire, where ministries invest in such events. See [05:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=317s) and [09:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=540s).

**Q: Can someone build a real app with ChatGPT without knowing the language?**
A: Erwan built a handpan tablature web app in Rust by describing his need and pasting compiler errors back, in about 150 exchanges over a few nights. It is not perfect, he says, but it exists. See [32:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1962s) and [35:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2158s).

**Q: How do the hosts use AI for everyday development?**
A: Gilles uses Mistral as a natural-language search engine; Valentin uses it to explain code and GitHub Copilot to speed up tasks he already knows; Erwan pushes it to build whole projects. See [27:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1634s), [28:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1702s) and [30:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=1810s).

**Q: Local LLM or ChatGPT: what is the difference in practice?**
A: For Erwan, mainly speed: with 8 GB of GPU, a local answer takes a minute or more, against about 15 seconds for ChatGPT. See [45:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2706s).

**Q: How do you keep context when a ChatGPT session is lost?**
A: Erwan asks the model, before leaving, to write a prompt that would restore its parameters, and has automated a daily summary of this kind. See [47:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2838s).

**Q: Is using ChatGPT as a search engine a good idea?**
A: Erwan thinks not: it burns GPU and energy for little, while asking it to write a program that then runs on an efficient host makes more sense; on Clever Cloud, he says, you save at least about 30% of the electricity ([49:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2970s)). See [48:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nSE1CFa_50&t=2905s).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Touraine Tech, Pubstack, Taskfile, JUG Summer Camp, Quentin Adam, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Small Business Act, CSS, Internet Explorer 6, NASA, Voyager 1, Carl Sagan, Star Trek, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, IntelliJ, GPT, Claude, Gemini, Mistral, Stack Overflow, Llama 3.1, Ollama, ChatGPT, GPT-4o mini, handpan, MusicXML, SVG, MIDI, Rust, Cargo, Rocket, MuseScore, LinkedIn, Reddit, Sébastien Blanc, Boris Way


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-09-maci-115.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2024-09-maci-115
title: "L’Open source, remède aux obsolescences"
title_en: "Open source, a cure for obsolescence"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez (host), Valentin Maerten, Gilles Biannic (Clever Cloud)]
date: 2024-09-16
event: "Message à caractère informatique #115"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "45:49"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA
slides: null
topics: [open source, licensing, right to repair, planned obsolescence, digital commons, education, data archiving, developer tools]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# L’Open source, remède aux obsolescences

**In one sentence:** A MACI news episode on archiving and keeping knowledge alive, where Erwan presents an open-source espresso machine and argues that open hardware, the right to repair and open educational commons give people back control over their tools.

## TL;DR
Recorded on 16 September 2024, this episode gathers host Horacio Gonzalez, Valentin Maerten (Taskfile maintainer, Touraine Tech co-organiser), Gilles Biannic (Clever Cloud infrastructure team) and Erwan Rougeux (international growth at Clever Cloud). Valentin presents Taskfile and Zellij. The hosts discuss a RedMonk study finding no clear link between leaving open-source licences and company value, Elastic's return to open source and the Fair Source model, Microsoft's planned changes to kernel access after the CrowdStrike outage, and the music industry's dying 1990s hard drives. Erwan brings the diyPresso open-source espresso machine and uses it to talk about black-box products, repairability, open textbooks and Moodle. The episode ends on a Brest start-up that detects sleep apnoea from a microphone.

## Erwan's key points
- He presents an open-source espresso machine (diyPresso) whose website documents every part, and says an espresso machine is a gem of engineering: in the end a pump pushing hot pressurised water through coffee ([25:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1550s), [26:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1582s)).
- He admits a shop-bought machine will be far cheaper and less hassle; the point is to give people back control over the world around them, so that things do not become black boxes whose workings we forget ([27:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1648s)).
- He warns that layers of abstraction mean basic knowledge will end up reserved for experts, which feeds a "throw it away and buy a new one" cycle when the fault is sometimes a burnt-out capacitor ([27:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1678s), [28:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1708s)).
- He links this to his early Linux years, reinstalling almost daily after breaking the kernel, which taught him how things work. Today people are dispossessed: "you buy the object but it no longer belongs to you" ([31:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1892s), [32:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1922s)).
- He takes phone batteries as an example: once user-replaceable, now sealed for water resistance, so a battery change through a third party can cost nearly as much as a new phone. He points to Fairphone and repair cafés, notes that a 20-cent component is sometimes all a repair needs, and calls the repairability index mostly marketing ([32:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1953s), [33:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1980s), [34:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2040s)).
- From his former career, building French schools abroad, he stresses digital commons in education: open-source textbooks (he cites Sésamath and Alexis Kauffmann) give anyone access to teaching material and help close technological and educational gaps where children are waiting for school as a social lift ([34:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2070s), [35:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2101s), [35:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2132s)).
- He says Moodle, a fully open-source learning management system, is heavily used in Africa, where a single Moodle can serve more than 300,000 people, cites the Académie de Strasbourg for sharing free teaching sequences and question banks, and finds that Google Classroom and Microsoft 365 hit a glass ceiling that Moodle does not ([37:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2223s), [37:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2255s)).
- He points to a services company that built a modern, fluid new interface for Moodle and released it as open source ([39:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2353s)).

## Outline
- [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=0s) Opening of episode 115, recorded on 16 September 2024.
- [00:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=30s) Introductions: Valentin Maerten (Tours, tech lead at Pubstack, Touraine Tech co-founder, Taskfile maintainer), Gilles Biannic (Brest, Clever Cloud team deploying VMs), Erwan (introduced as in charge of international growth at Clever Cloud and the show's IoT and home-automation expert), host Horacio Gonzalez.
- [02:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=161s) Valentin on Taskfile: a task runner written in Go, Go templating in commands, remote includes, monthly releases.
- [04:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=268s) YAML with a schema versus Makefile indentation errors; per-OS commands.
- [05:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=357s) A RedMonk study: moving from open source to proprietary licences brought no clear gain in company value (Elastic, Redis, HashiCorp).
- [07:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=446s) Erwan on what the first switch cost Elastic, and on the real issue: protecting open-source projects and their philosophy, a common good, amid a confusing proliferation of licences.
- [09:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=568s) Fair Source: each release becomes fully open source after a delay (one year in the example given).
- [11:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=662s) Elastic, OpenSearch and AWS: from lawsuits to partnership; pragmatism with a dominant player.
- [13:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=790s) After CrowdStrike, Microsoft works on more granular kernel access for security vendors.
- [15:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=923s) The music industry's 1990s hard drives are dying in climate-controlled storage; long-term digital archiving has no real solution.
- [16:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1015s) Likely Erwan: the majors spent millions fighting piracy yet lack the kind of backup plan European rules impose on any company.
- [17:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1073s) Not only the disks die but the machines able to read them; CD lifespan and error correction.
- [21:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1280s) Valentin on Zellij, a Rust terminal workspace: visible shortcuts, layouts per project, saved sessions, Rust plugins.
- [25:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1509s) The host suspects Erwan brought the next news item.
- [25:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1550s) Erwan presents an open-source espresso machine with its plans and schematics.
- [27:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1648s) Erwan: giving people control back, avoiding black boxes and throw-away cycles.
- [28:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1736s) Other participants debate plug-and-play 3D printers and spare parts that are no longer available.
- [31:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1892s) Erwan: MacGyver, early Linux kernel tinkering, and being dispossessed of the right to repair; phone batteries.
- [33:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1980s) Erwan: Fairphone, repair cafés, cheap components and the repairability index.
- [34:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2070s) Erwan on digital commons in education and open-source textbooks.
- [35:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2159s) Another participant: in French schools, reusing shared material is often frowned upon by the hierarchy.
- [37:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2223s) Erwan on Moodle in Africa, the Académie de Strasbourg, and the limits of Google and Microsoft classroom tools.
- [38:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2289s) Others: Google Classroom is turnkey; Moodle's growth during the pandemic.
- [39:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2353s) Erwan: an open-source modern interface for Moodle.
- [39:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2391s) A Brest company and the Brest university hospital detect sleep apnoea from a microphone recording processed by AI.
- [42:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2534s) "Real" AI applications beyond stochastic parrots; a detection rate around 92% as a first filter before a specialist.
- [44:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2676s) Wrap-up; closing song chosen by Valentin: Colombine, "Adieu bientôt".

## Notable quotes
> "Ce que j'aime bien c'est redonner aux gens un contrôle sur le monde qui les entoure." — Erwan Rougeux, [27:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1648s)
*"What I like is giving people back control over the world around them."*

> "T'achètes l'objet mais il ne t'appartient plus." — Erwan Rougeux, [32:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1922s)
*"You buy the object, but it no longer belongs to you."*

> "L'indice de réparabilité qu'on nous a mis de plus en plus à la mode, en fait tu te rends compte que c'est juste marketing." — Erwan Rougeux, [34:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2040s)
*"The repairability index they've made so fashionable: you realise it's just marketing."*

> "Avoir des solutions open source même sur des manuels scolaires, ce qu'on appelle des biens communs, joue un rôle in fine pour un monde meilleur." — Erwan Rougeux, [35:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2132s)
*"Having open-source solutions even for school textbooks, what we call commons, ultimately plays a part in a better world."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: Why would anyone build an open-source espresso machine?**
A: Not to save money, says Erwan: a shop-bought machine is far cheaper. The point is to understand how things work, so products do not become black boxes and can be repaired instead of thrown away. See [27:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1648s).

**Q: What does Erwan Rougeux think about the right to repair?**
A: He argues that people are being dispossessed of technical knowledge and of the ability to repair, citing sealed phone batteries, and calls the French repairability index mostly marketing. He points to Fairphone and repair cafés. See [32:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1922s) and [33:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=1980s).

**Q: Why do open educational resources matter outside France?**
A: From his experience setting up French schools abroad, Erwan says open-source textbooks and teaching commons give access to knowledge where school is not taken for granted and help close educational gaps. See [35:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2101s).

**Q: Is Moodle still relevant compared with Google Classroom or Microsoft 365?**
A: Erwan says Moodle is widely used in Africa and that the big vendors' tools hit a glass ceiling Moodle does not, though they are more ergonomic; another participant notes they are turnkey for schools. See [37:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2223s) and [38:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2289s).

**Q: Did switching away from open-source licences make companies more valuable?**
A: A RedMonk study discussed in the episode found no clear link either way. Erwan argues the real question is how to protect open-source projects from free-riders, and the hosts present Fair Source as a middle path. See [05:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=357s) and [09:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=568s).

**Q: What is Taskfile and why use it instead of Make?**
A: Its maintainer Valentin Maerten describes a task runner written in Go, with loops, prompts, Go templating, per-OS commands and remote includes, released about monthly. See [02:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=161s).

**Q: Why are the music industry's master recordings at risk?**
A: The hosts explain that 1990s hard drives are failing even in controlled storage, and the hardware to read them is disappearing too. See [15:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=923s).

**Q: How can a microphone detect sleep apnoea?**
A: A Brest company working with the local university hospital records breathing overnight and analyses it with AI, as a faster first screening before a specialist. See [39:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiHHj9RR1YA&t=2391s).

## Mentioned
Sésamath, Clever Cloud, Taskfile, Make, Go, YAML, Pubstack, Touraine Tech, Aurélie Vache, RedMonk, Elastic, Elasticsearch, Redis, HashiCorp, OpenTofu, OpenSearch, Amazon, AWS, Fair Source, Microsoft, Windows, CrowdStrike, Linux, Zellij, tmux, Rust, diyPresso, MacGyver, Fairphone, repair cafés, Éducation nationale, Alexis Kauffmann, Moodle, Académie de Strasbourg, Google Classroom, Microsoft 365, LinkedIn, CHU de Brest


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-08-maci-112.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2024-08-maci-112
title: "Le radar du sommeil satellise des rapsberry débuggés"
title_en: "The sleep radar puts debugged Raspberries into orbit"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Sylvain Wallez, Emmanuel Bosquet]
date: 2024-08-19
event: "Message à caractère informatique #112"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "51:46"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU
slides: null
topics: [home automation, home assistant, mmwave radar, raspberry pi, hardware security, nanosatellites, web audio, semiconductors]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the local Whisper transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Le radar du sommeil satellise des rapsberry débuggés

**In one sentence:** An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast recorded on 19 August 2024. Erwan Rougeux covers the RP2350 hacking challenge, nanosatellites, and his mmWave radar sensors for presence, fall and sleep-cycle detection in Home Assistant.

## TL;DR
Host Horacio Gonzalez is joined by Sylvain Wallez (Elastic), Emmanuel Bosquet (Clever Cloud traffic team) and Erwan Rougeux (international growth at Clever Cloud), recorded the same day as episode 111. Sylvain tells how he came to code music in the browser with Web Audio and Tone.js; Erwan adds his own audio experiments. Sylvain then presents a Japanese lithography process that could challenge ASML's monopoly, which leads to a digression on US extraterritorial power. Erwan presents the Raspberry Pi RP2350 hacking challenge and microcontroller-based nanosatellites, then his mmWave radar sensors, which detect still presence, falls and sleep phases, and the smart alarm he is building on Home Assistant. The episode ends on garden irrigation, an open-hardware air-quality sensor and measuring everything at home, before 1980s German pop.

## Erwan's key points
- He once coded an ambient-sound mixer for his role-playing sessions with Web Audio, and was struck by convolution: loading an impulse recorded in a cave to give any sound that echo ([8:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=516s)).
- A reggae fan, he asked ChatGPT (the GPT-3 era) for Fourier-transform code to make his electric guitar sound like Bob Marley's. After a weekend of debugging the generated code, it worked fairly well ([9:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=542s)).
- He presents the challenge launched by the Raspberry Pi Foundation and Hextree.io to hack the new RP2350 microcontroller: $10,000 to extract a secret protected by secure boot, until 7 September, timed with DEF CON. The aim is to show the chip is resistant as it spreads into consumer embedded devices and IoT ([18:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1105s)).
- He notes that Raspberry Pis are common "man in the middle" tools in hardware hacking, for example to intercept BitLocker decryption keys. The chip alone can be soldered onto your own board, turns up in car radios, and he says it can run Linux or Rust code ([19:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1195s), [20:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1259s)).
- He sees such chips enabling constellations of light, low-power micro- and nanosatellites, which cut launch payloads. Space technology once reserved for NASA or SpaceX becomes accessible, including to research in Africa; he cites Senegal's recent first satellites and Morocco before it ([23:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1433s), [25:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1517s)).
- He compares cheap infrared (PIR) motion sensors, which lose you if you sit still, with mmWave radar sensors (24 and 60 GHz). His C1001 detects a still person and movement velocity, so it can send a fall alert. He uses them to keep an eye on his ageing parents from afar, an example of how new technology helps families care for older relatives ([27:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1644s)).
- Reading the datasheet, he found a sleep mode that tells deep, light and REM sleep apart. He is building a smart alarm that wakes him in a light phase, a little before or after the set time, through Home Assistant and the Android app ([29:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1761s), [32:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1945s)).
- He calls Home Assistant his home hub, now so mainstream that automations need no code. His "my whole life is controlled" line was a deliberate joke: you keep control of the assistant ([33:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2002s), [34:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2086s)).
- For irrigation he bought Zigbee water valves on AliExpress, with separate zones for the vegetable garden and fruit trees, linked to the weather forecast. A community blueprint set it up in ten minutes, and it uses less water than the Gardena app ([36:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2173s)).
- His advice for starting: don't plan everything, pick one priority, and the rest follows, an "endless gear" that drew him in. He says he has more than 1,700 entities in Home Assistant ([50:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=3005s), [47:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2872s)).

## Outline
- [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=0s) Opening and introductions: Erwan (international growth at Clever Cloud), Emmanuel Bosquet (traffic team, Sozu), Sylvain Wallez (tech lead of Elastic's client SDKs), host Horacio Gonzalez.
- [1:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=113s) Sylvain's path to music: electronics as a teenager, piano lessons as an adult, then coding scales as arrays of frequencies.
- [6:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=371s) His talk built only with the browser's Web Audio and Web MIDI APIs, plus Tone.js ("the jQuery of Web Audio"); from a 440 Hz beep to a small electro-pop track.
- [8:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=516s) Erwan: an ambient mixer for role-playing games, convolution reverb, and a Bob Marley guitar tone coded with ChatGPT.
- [11:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=665s) Sylvain's link: an Okinawa research institute's alternative to EUV lithography, reportedly ten times cheaper and outside ASML's export restrictions.
- [14:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=860s) Geopolitical digression: US extraterritorial laws, a documentary on the French army's technological dependence, the dollar and the DoJ; US industrial policy compared with Europe's.
- [17:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1069s) Erwan: the RP2350 hacking challenge and its $10,000 bounty.
- [19:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1195s) Raspberry Pis in hardware hacking; the bare chip in car radios.
- [21:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1316s) Another participant on single-board computers versus microcontrollers, and the blurring line between them.
- [23:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1433s) Erwan: nanosatellite constellations, Senegal and Morocco.
- [25:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1550s) Another participant recalls working on satellite control centres in the 1990s, as satellites moved from custom builds to standard platforms.
- [26:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1607s) Erwan's mmWave radar sensor: PIR limits, still-presence and fall detection.
- [29:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1761s) Sleep-cycle detection from breathing and micro-movements.
- [30:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1856s) Erwan's smart-alarm project, from Philips' dawn-simulating lamp to waking in a light sleep phase.
- [33:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2002s) Everything runs through Home Assistant, Android app actions and calendar access; the "whole life controlled" joke.
- [35:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2116s) Garden irrigation without soldering: an ESP board, relays, YAML. Erwan adds Zigbee valves, zones, weather and blueprints.
- [38:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2289s) An AirGradient open-hardware air-quality sensor (CO2, particles, NOx), its firmware reworked with ESPHome; an "on air" light when the webcam is on.
- [42:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2521s) "You only understand what you measure": CO2 in a closed bedroom. Likely Erwan suggests adding mmWave to the sensor and mentions his Kibana at home.
- [44:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2641s) Sylvain: Home Assistant on a Raspberry Pi 4 with SQLite history, not Elasticsearch; logging Tisséo park-and-ride occupancy reveals Toulouse's evening patterns.
- [47:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2841s) Android Auto, car data over OBD2, entity counts; Bluetooth thermometers and a humidity-driven bathroom fan.
- [50:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=3005s) Erwan: start with one priority and let it grow.
- [50:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=3038s) Closing music picked by Sylvain: "Da Da Da" by Trio, 1980s German pop.

## Notable quotes
> "On est en train d'arriver sur des technologies qui étaient réservées à des élites qui maintenant sont accessibles à tout le monde." — Erwan Rougeux, [24:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1491s)
*"We are reaching technologies that were reserved for elites and are now accessible to everyone."*

> "Home Assistant est mon hub à la maison, tous mes capteurs, toute ma vie domotique est réunie en un seul endroit." — Erwan Rougeux, [33:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2002s)
*"Home Assistant is my hub at home; all my sensors, my whole home-automation life, in one place."*

> "C'est toujours quand ça plante que tu te rends compte réellement du gain de temps et du gain de vie que ça t'apportait." — Erwan Rougeux, [37:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2257s)
*"It's always when it breaks that you really see how much time and life it was giving you."*

> "Tu n'as pas besoin de dire tiens il faut que je fasse tout ça, tu dis juste tiens c'est ça ma priorité." — Erwan Rougeux, [50:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=3005s)
*"You don't need to say 'I have to do all of this'; you just say 'this is my priority'."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What was the RP2350 hacking challenge?**
A: Erwan explains that the Raspberry Pi Foundation and Hextree.io offered $10,000 to whoever could extract a secret protected by the RP2350's secure boot, with submissions until 7 September 2024, to prove the chip's security ([18:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1105s)).

**Q: What is an mmWave presence sensor and why use one instead of PIR?**
A: Erwan says PIR sensors are cheap but miss people who keep still. An mmWave radar such as the C1001 detects a still person, measures movement velocity to detect falls, and wires easily to an ESP board ([27:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1644s)).

**Q: Can a radar sensor track sleep cycles?**
A: Yes, according to Erwan: the C1001 has a sleep mode that tells deep, light and REM sleep apart from breathing and micro-movements. He plans to use it in Home Assistant to wake up in a light phase ([29:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1761s)).

**Q: How do you automate garden irrigation with Home Assistant?**
A: One participant uses an ESP board and relays configured in YAML, with no soldering. Erwan uses Zigbee valves, several zones, the weather forecast and a community blueprint, and finds it more water-efficient than the Gardena app ([35:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2116s), [36:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=2173s)).

**Q: Why do microcontrollers matter for small satellites?**
A: Erwan argues that cheap, low-power boards make light micro- and nanosatellite constellations possible, reducing launch payloads and opening space to new countries such as Senegal ([23:53](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=1433s)).

**Q: How should a beginner start with home automation?**
A: Erwan's advice is to choose one priority, a lamp or the dishwasher, rather than planning everything; the rest follows naturally ([50:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYKnsoLMWU&t=3005s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Elastic, Sozu, Sunny Tech, RivieraDev, Web Audio API, Web MIDI API, Tone.js, Ableton Live, Science Étonnante, Arturia, ChatGPT, Bob Marley, ASML, TSMC, Nvidia, Okinawa, Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, SpaceX, NASA, Raspberry Pi Foundation, Hextree.io, RP2350, DEF CON, BitLocker, Android Auto, Rust, Linux, Senegal, Morocco, Alcatel Espace, DFRobot C1001 mmWave sensor, ESP32, Philips, Home Assistant, Android, AliExpress, Zigbee, Gardena, ESPHome, AirGradient, Kibana, Elasticsearch, SQLite, Raspberry Pi 4, Tisséo, Toulouse, OBD2, Trio, "Da Da Da", Horacio Gonzalez, Sylvain Wallez, Emmanuel Bosquet


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2024-08-maci-111.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2024-08-maci-111
title: "Aux origines du bug, la domotique pop et s’ouvre au proton"
title_en: "Back to the origins of the bug, home automation goes pop and opens up to Proton"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Horacio Gonzalez, Sylvain Wallez, Emmanuel Bosquet]
date: 2024-08-19
event: "Message à caractère informatique #111"
place: "online / studio"
format: podcast
language: fr
duration: "54:37"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M
slides: null
topics: [home assistant, home automation, local ai, privacy, proton, right to repair, crowdstrike, rust]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the YouTube auto-caption transcript, with statements attributed to Erwan by local identification of his voice only (other speakers are not identified). Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-18
---

# Aux origines du bug, la domotique pop et s’ouvre au proton

**In one sentence:** An episode of Clever Cloud's MACI podcast, recorded on 19 August 2024. Erwan Rougeux presents the Home Assistant 2024.8 release (with local LLMs) and Proton's move to a non-profit foundation, and argues against cloud-only, subscription-locked devices.

## TL;DR
Host Horacio Gonzalez is joined by Sylvain Wallez (Elastic), Emmanuel Bosquet (Clever Cloud traffic team) and Erwan Rougeux, on his second MACI. Sylvain opens with a literal bug: a dead insect jammed in his washing machine's door-lock contact caused error E61. This leads to repairability, repair cafés and iFixit. Erwan then presents Home Assistant 2024.8: "services" renamed "actions", the Open Home Foundation, and local voice control with Ollama and Llama 3.1. The talk widens to connected locks and worst-case thinking, cloud-only devices that get bricked, and subscriptions for appliances and printers. Erwan explains Proton's foundation status and its limits. The guests close on CrowdStrike: Rust would not have prevented that crash.

## Erwan's key points
- He introduces himself as having joined Clever Cloud some time ago to handle its international growth. This is his second MACI ([2:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=128s)).
- He presents Home Assistant 2024.8. Renaming "services" to "actions" shows the project reaching beyond programmers. The Open Home Foundation exists to promote a private, local smart home, and ESPHome was the first project to join it ([16:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1017s)).
- He says he has ESP Wi-Fi modules "everywhere". This summer he put one as a "man in the middle" in his spa to control it remotely ([18:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1114s)).
- He welcomes Ollama and Llama 3.1 support in the voice assistant (Wyoming protocol). A small model on an old GPU at home can understand intent ("I'm in my office and I'm hot") rather than fixed Alexa-style commands, while keeping data private and using far less energy ([19:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1163s)).
- On connected locks, he advises always imagining the worst case: keyless car systems hacked, Ford's poorly secured Bluetooth, a smart lock that fails during a fire. Every automatic system needs a physical backup. He also cites the Hawaii fire, where a gate was opened remotely to let people evacuate ([24:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1494s), [27:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1652s)).
- He finds vendors increasingly open, with documented APIs (Gardena, Philips Hue), though some still lock everything. He calls Matter still buggy but working, and says some of his own devices, such as smoke detectors, run on it ([29:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1798s)).
- He criticises Anova for imposing a yearly subscription on new customers of its sous-vide cooker. He compares it to paying a subscription just to turn your car key ([33:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2010s)).
- He sees lock-in as part of vendors' business plans and expects EU regulation, such as the repairability index, to push back, through long legal battles. He notes that HP defended its printer lock-outs as protecting users' security ([14:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=879s), [37:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2252s)).
- He explains Proton's history (encrypted mail started by CERN scientists) and its suite (VPN, passwords, documents). The non-profit foundation guarantees the products will not be diverted to purely commercial aims. He adds that Proton does not guarantee anonymity: it complies with Swiss and European legal requests ([39:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2351s), [44:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2642s)).
- On CrowdStrike, he regrets a "too big to fail" double standard: a small team is pilloried for five minutes of downtime, while Microsoft and CrowdStrike will carry on after grounding flights worldwide ([50:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=3056s)).

## Outline
- [0:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=16s) Introductions. Sylvain Wallez, near Toulouse, leads Elastic's client-SDK team. Emmanuel Bosquet works on traffic and the Rust reverse proxy Sozu. Erwan handles international growth. Horacio hosts.
- [3:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=180s) Sylvain's washing-machine error E61: he dismantles the door lock and finds a crushed insect in the contact, a real "bug".
- [10:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=605s) Erwan recommends iFixit's repair guides. Manufacturers (such as Bosch) now sell spare parts and publish tutorials.
- [11:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=675s) Do brands make machines unrepairable? Glue instead of screws, exotic screw heads. Erwan points to the EU repairability index: the choice is "economic before being ecological".
- [15:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=902s) Sylvain plans to read the lock switch into Home Assistant for "laundry done" alerts. Likely Erwan adds that he counts detergent pods automatically on his washer, dishwasher and dryer.
- [16:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=995s) Erwan on Home Assistant 2024.8: services become actions, and the Open Home Foundation is created.
- [18:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1137s) The Wyoming voice protocol, Ollama and Llama 3.1: local, private and frugal voice control.
- [21:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1283s) Another participant adds security: his Home Assistant is reachable only over VPN. The "engineers keep physical locks" joke.
- [23:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1399s) Horacio asks how to educate the general public. Comfort versus privacy; Erwan's worst-case method.
- [26:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1563s) A participant recalls a startup running remote gate openers on one cheap server with no redundancy. Erwan draws the lesson: always keep a physical backup.
- [27:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1674s) Erwan on the Hawaii fire gate; then Facebook staff cutting into data-centre locks during a network outage.
- [29:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1749s) Horacio asks about walled gardens; Erwan on open APIs and the state of Matter.
- [31:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1895s) Cloud-only devices: internet outages, hardware bricked when startups die, the cat-feeder story. Erwan on Anova's new subscription.
- [34:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2079s) Printer subscriptions, HP cartridge chips and firmware lock-outs, refillable ink tanks. Erwan on lock-in as a business model.
- [38:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2323s) Erwan: Proton becomes a non-profit foundation; its open-source web client, use by the Swiss administration, family and duo plans, and its limits.
- [44:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2688s) CrowdStrike root cause, explained by a guest: a malformed data file, 21 entries where the code expected 20, and an out-of-bounds read in a C++ kernel driver.
- [47:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2864s) Would Rust have avoided it? The guests say no: it would have panicked and still crashed, though it would block exploitation. Emmanuel cites Sozu workers crashing on an out-of-bounds index.
- [50:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=3032s) The real failure was a global rollout with no canary. Erwan on "too big to fail" and grounded flights. Sylvain notes that Elastic has a similar agent with parts in Rust.
- [53:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=3196s) Closing music picked by Sylvain: "Popcorn", 1970s synth music.

## Notable quotes
> "C'est ce qui va permettre d'avoir des petits modèles qui tournent chez soi, qu'on va pouvoir personnaliser, qui garantissent notre vie privée." — Erwan Rougeux, [20:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1258s)
*"That's what will let us have small models running at home, that we can customise and that protect our privacy."*

> "C'est comme si tu achetais ta voiture et qu'en plus pour utiliser ta voiture tu étais obligé de payer un abonnement." — Erwan Rougeux, [34:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2056s)
*"It's as if you bought your car and, on top of that, had to pay a subscription to use it."*

> "Être sur Proton ne vous garantit pas un anonymat." — Erwan Rougeux, [44:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2642s)
*"Being on Proton does not guarantee you anonymity."*

> "Le fait de l'écrire en Rust n'aurait pas changé grand-chose, ça aurait quand même crashé le kernel." — a guest (apparently Sylvain Wallez), [48:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2915s)
*"Writing it in Rust wouldn't have changed much; it would still have crashed the kernel."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What changed in Home Assistant 2024.8?**
A: Erwan highlights three changes: "services" were renamed "actions" to suit non-programmers, the project moved under the Open Home Foundation (ESPHome joining first), and the voice assistant gained Ollama and Llama 3.1 support for local models ([16:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1017s)).

**Q: Why run a local LLM for a home voice assistant?**
A: Erwan argues that a small model on an old GPU understands intent rather than fixed phrases, keeps data at home and uses far less energy than large remote models. Another participant adds a security benefit: the home need not be exposed to the internet ([19:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1163s)).

**Q: Should you connect your door lock to Home Assistant?**
A: The participants lean towards no. One reaches Home Assistant only over VPN; another (likely Erwan) says no physical access control in his home is on Home Assistant. Erwan recommends imagining the worst case and always keeping a physical backup ([22:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1375s), [24:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1494s)).

**Q: What is wrong with cloud-only smart devices?**
A: They fail when the internet or the vendor's servers go down, and are bricked if the startup closes. Erwan adds Anova's case: a subscription for new buyers to keep using hardware they own ([31:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=1895s), [33:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2010s)).

**Q: Does Proton guarantee anonymity?**
A: No. Erwan explains that Proton's foundation status protects its mission, but Proton follows Swiss and European law and answers police requests when legally required ([44:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2642s)).

**Q: Would Rust have prevented the CrowdStrike outage?**
A: The guests say it would not have prevented that crash. An out-of-bounds read would have caused a panic, so the kernel would still have crashed, although memory corruption could not have been exploited. The bigger fault was deploying without canaries ([47:44](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=2864s)).

**Q: How do you fix a washing machine showing error E61?**
A: For Sylvain it meant a door-lock problem: he dismantled the lock and removed a crushed insect from the contact. He also recommends spare-parts sites and repair cafés ([3:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve7NoQ7MG8M&t=222s)).

## Mentioned
Clever Cloud, Elastic, Sozu, Home Assistant, Open Home Foundation, ESPHome, Wyoming protocol, Ollama, Llama 3.1, Alexa, Matter, Zigbee, Gardena, Philips Hue, Google, Anova, AWS, HP, iFixit, Bosch, repair cafés, EU repairability index, Ford, Facebook, Hawaii, Oprah Winfrey, online.net (Dedibox), Proton, CERN, Nextcloud, Tor, CrowdStrike, Microsoft, Rust, C++, Flightradar24, Jean-Michel Jarre, "Popcorn", Horacio Gonzalez, Sylvain Wallez, Emmanuel Bosquet


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2019-07-moodlemoot-docker-kubernetes.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2019-07-moodlemoot-docker-kubernetes
title: "Déployer et administrer facilement des services Moodle / Mahara grâce à Docker / Kubernetes"
title_en: "Easily deploying and running Moodle / Mahara services with Docker / Kubernetes"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: []
date: 2019-07-03
event: "MoodleMoot France 2019"
place: "Couvent des Jacobins, Rennes, France"
format: talk
language: fr
duration: "33:15"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU
slides: https://slides.wanoo.me/2019-07-moodlemoot-docker-kubernetes/
topics: [moodle, docker, kubernetes, rancher, edtech, mission laïque française, scalability]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions, and the slides. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Déployer et administrer facilement des services Moodle / Mahara grâce à Docker / Kubernetes

**In one sentence:** As CIO of the Mission laïque française, Erwan Rougeux explains to Moodle administrators how a three-person team runs Moodle for 60,000 students worldwide with Docker containers, Kubernetes and Rancher, with live demos.

## TL;DR
Erwan presents the Mission laïque française (MLF), a non-profit network of 109 French schools abroad, where three people manage services like Moodle for 60,000 students with little money. They moved to Docker around 2013 and later to Kubernetes: the same five bare-metal servers that once hosted about twenty VMs now run more than a hundred services at the same cost. He explains Docker (images, Dockerfile, build, Docker Compose, volumes), builds and runs a Moodle stack live, then lists Docker's limits, which an orchestrator solves: Kubernetes with health checks, self-healing, autoscaling and rolling upgrades, installed easily with Rancher. The takeaways: treat servers as cattle, not pets; a school in Casablanca reached about 2,100 simultaneous Moodle users thanks to autoscaling; and the team "got its weekends back".

## Erwan's key points
- He presents himself as CIO of the Mission laïque française, passionate about open-source development, with a white-hat background.
- He argues that a small non-profit IT team (three people for about 60,000 students) could not keep the classic model of hand-tended virtual machines.
- With Docker and then Kubernetes, the MLF went from about twenty VMs to more than a hundred services on the same five bare-metal servers in a French datacenter, at the same price.
- Docker isolates each component (Apache/PHP with Moodle, database, cron) in its own container built from one reusable image; persistent data lives in volumes, which makes backups and testing migration scripts locally easy.
- He runs Moodle's cron in a separate back-office container so a malicious script slipped into a cron task never reaches the web-facing container.
- Docker alone has limits: manual deployment, no health status, no native proxy or load balancing, no replication. The orchestrator fixes these.
- Kubernetes checks readiness and heartbeat, destroys and recreates failing pods without investigating, spreads load across nodes and scales out on thresholds the team defines.
- He calls this a culture change from "pets" to "cattle": servers no longer get names and individual care.
- Rancher packages Kubernetes so a cluster can be set up quickly; he notes there is no difference between its community and enterprise editions except support.
- Kubernetes is not magic and needs some hands-on work, but he says anyone who can set up a VM can learn it, and rolling upgrades (e.g. Moodle 3.6 to 3.7) avoid downtime; he cites about 99.5% availability, limited by the datacenter.

## Outline
- [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=0s) Opening: a very technical talk; quick show of hands on who already uses Docker.
- [1:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=69s) Erwan introduces himself (CIO of the MLF, open source, white hat) and the MLF network: 109 schools, 35 fully managed, Moodle for 60,000 students.
- [2:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=143s) Three people, no money: the move to Docker from 2013; five bare-metal servers, from about 20 VMs to more than 100 services.
- [3:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=214s) Virtual machines versus Docker containers, and why isolating dependencies saves resources.
- [5:34](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=334s) Vocabulary: image, build, Dockerfile, Docker Compose; destroy and rebuild instead of repairing; data volumes.
- [7:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=471s) Demo: a Moodle Dockerfile based on a PHP/Apache image, using Moosh for scripted plugin and theme installs.
- [9:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=562s) Demo: a Compose file with three services (Moodle, cron in its own container, database) launched in minutes.
- [11:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=679s) Docker's limits: manual deployment, no health status, no integrity check, no load balancing.
- [12:54](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=774s) Running many copies of one image behind a proxy to absorb exam-time peaks; the Moodle demo comes up.
- [14:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=845s) The orchestrator: master and worker nodes, pods, labels, the etcd key-value store.
- [16:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=983s) Kubernetes components: API server, scheduler, controller manager, service proxy, kubelet; readiness and heartbeat checks.
- [18:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1121s) Demo animation: three replicas, rescheduling after a node failure, affinity rules.
- [20:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1211s) Pets versus cattle: stop naming and nursing servers.
- [20:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1256s) Kubernetes "the hard way" (21 steps) and Rancher as the easy route: open source, unmodified Kubernetes, scoped access for contractors, integrations.
- [23:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1394s) Live Rancher install and cluster creation on five local VMs.
- [25:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1552s) Q&A: what the key-value store is for, secrets and SSL certificates.
- [27:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1629s) Q&A: Galera (clustered MariaDB) for the database, shared moodledata on GlusterFS or NFS.
- [28:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1721s) Cluster capacity (110 pods per node; up to 750 on five machines) and the Casablanca school peak of about 2,100 simultaneous users.
- [31:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1861s) Load balancers scaled automatically, schools in China and Saudi Arabia, weekends regained; rolling Moodle upgrades and about 99.5% availability.

## Notable quotes
> "on n'est que trois pour gérer soixante mille élèves" — Erwan Rougeux, [2:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=143s)
*"There are only three of us to manage sixty thousand students."*

> "mon serveur tombe en panne je m'embête pas, c'est toujours la même image, je détruis et j'en construis un nouveau" — Erwan Rougeux, [6:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=403s)
*"My server breaks down, I don't bother: it's always the same image, I destroy it and build a new one."*

> "en gros moi j'ai récupéré des week-ends" — Erwan Rougeux, [31:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1861s)
*"Basically, I got my weekends back."*

> "c'est pas parfait, c'est pas magique, ça nécessite de mettre un peu les mains dans le cambouis" — Erwan Rougeux, [31:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1883s)
*"It's not perfect, it's not magic, you need to get your hands a bit dirty."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: How do you run Moodle with Docker?**
A: Erwan builds a Moodle image from a PHP/Apache base image with a Dockerfile, installs plugins and themes with Moosh, then uses Docker Compose to start three services: Moodle, a separate cron container and a database, with persistent data in volumes ([7:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=471s)).

**Q: Why use Kubernetes for Moodle instead of plain Docker?**
A: Docker alone gives no health status, no load balancing and no replication. Kubernetes restarts failed pods, spreads load and scales out automatically when thresholds are crossed ([11:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=679s), [16:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=983s)).

**Q: How did the Mission laïque française host Moodle for 60,000 students?**
A: With a three-person team on five bare-metal servers in a French datacenter, moving from about 20 VMs to more than 100 containerised services at the same cost ([2:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=143s)).

**Q: How many concurrent Moodle users can a Kubernetes setup handle?**
A: Erwan reports that a school in Casablanca peaked at about 2,100 students connected at the same time, with autoscaling adding servers when load crossed a defined threshold ([29:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1744s)).

**Q: What is the easiest way to install Kubernetes?**
A: Erwan recommends Rancher rather than the 21-step "hard way": it runs from a Docker command, creates clusters on custom machines or public clouds, and does not modify Kubernetes ([20:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1256s), [23:14](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1394s)).

**Q: How do you handle the Moodle database and moodledata in a cluster?**
A: The MLF uses a Galera cluster (clustered MariaDB) and mounts moodledata from shared storage that supports concurrent writes, such as GlusterFS, or NFS when writes are light ([27:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1629s)).

**Q: What does "pets vs cattle" mean in server management?**
A: Erwan uses it to describe the culture change: servers are no longer named and individually cared for, but numbered and replaced as soon as they fail, with Kubernetes doing it for you ([20:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_xdSGWk4NU&t=1211s)).

## Mentioned
Mission laïque française (MLF), Moodle, Mahara, Moosh, Docker, Docker Compose, Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, etcd, kubelet, Rancher, Galera, MariaDB, GlusterFS, NFS, Apache, PHP, nginx, Amazon, Google, Azure, GitLab, ELK stack, SAML, Twitter, Casablanca, China, Saudi Arabia, MoodleMoot France, Université de Rennes 2 (CREA)

## Slides outline
1. Déployer et administrer facilement des services Moodle / Mahara… — title, MoodleMoot France 2019, Rennes
2. Présentation — CIO/CISO, open source, white hat; MLF: 109 schools, 35 fully managed, 60,000 students
3. Différence entre des machines virtuelles et Docker — VMs on a hypervisor vs containers on one OS
4. Lexique — image, build, Dockerfile, Docker Compose, volume
5. Démonstration : build et déploiement — dev/test/prod chain, CI/CD, registry, on-premise or cloud
6. Les limites — manual deployment, no health status, no fine tuning, no native proxy, no replication
7. Les limites — same list, answered by "Orchestrateur"
8. Lexique (Kubernetes) — orchestrator, master node, node, pod, etcd
9. Éléments principaux — etcd, API server, scheduler, controller manager, kubelet, service proxy
10. En action — demo of a deployment with 3 replicas
11. Changement de culture — pets vs cattle
12. Changement de culture — pets vs cattle (variant)
13. En résumé — named cows versus a numbered herd
14. Let's go to kube ?! — Kubernetes "the hard way": 21 steps
15. Installation simple et rapide — Rancher: any infrastructure, open source, unmodified Kubernetes, GitLab/ELK/SAML
16. Merci de votre attention


================================================================================
Source: https://slides.wanoo.me/ai/2019-03-mlfnumerique-saragosse.md
================================================================================

---
sheet_format: 1.0
id: 2019-03-mlfnumerique-saragosse
title: "Stratégie pédagogique numérique du réseau mlfmonde"
title_en: "Digital teaching strategy of the mlfmonde network"
speaker: Erwan Rougeux
with: [Gaëlle Charcosset]
date: 2019-03-07
event: "1ères Rencontres #mlfnumérique"
place: "Lycée Molière, Zaragoza, Spain"
format: talk
language: fr
duration: "3:26"
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM
slides: null
topics: [edtech, mission laïque française, digital strategy, teacher training, schools abroad]
source: "Summary written by Claude (AI) from the auto-generated YouTube captions. Not a verbatim transcript; check the recording before quoting."
review: spot-checked
review_date: 2026-10-17
---

# Stratégie pédagogique numérique du réseau mlfmonde

**In one sentence:** A three-minute opening clip from the first #mlfnumérique meetings in Zaragoza, presenting the digital teaching strategy of the Mission laïque française (mlfmonde) network; Erwan Rougeux co-presented with Gaëlle Charcosset.

**Attribution note:** the YouTube description credits Gaëlle Charcosset and Erwan Rougeux, but the clip has a single voice and the captions never name the speaker. Nothing in it can be attributed to Erwan with certainty, so this sheet says "the speaker" throughout.

## TL;DR
The clip opens the two-day event at the Lycée Molière in Zaragoza. The speaker presents the network's teaching strategy, with the student and the school project at the centre, surrounded by the school's educational community, itself part of the wider mlfmonde network. The strategy rests on research, teaching practice, steering (with a self-positioning tool as a common thread) and, new for these meetings, the technical environment: workshops will analyse schools' needs so that headquarters can build a catalogue of teaching and technical services for school digital projects. Workshops led by network teachers and outside contributors should, where possible, become training sessions for the network's Forum pédagogique. The video is a short excerpt, not the full talk.

## Erwan's key points
The clip has one unnamed voice, so none of the points below can be safely attributed to Erwan; they are the speaker's.
- The strategy puts the student and the school project at the centre, with the whole educational community working together around them.
- Each school is an ecosystem within a larger one, the mlfmonde network, and the event aims to show a constant interaction between the two.
- The strategy rests on research, teaching practice, steering (with a positioning tool) and the technical environment.
- The technical environment is new at these meetings: workshops are meant to analyse schools' needs and lead to a catalogue of services from headquarters, both teaching and technical. This is the part closest to Erwan's role as the network's CIO, but the clip does not say he is the one speaking.
- Workshops run by network teachers and outside contributors should, as far as possible, become training sessions for the Forum pédagogique.

## Outline
- [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=0s) The strategy slide already shown at the seminar for fully managed schools and in the activity report: the student and the school project at the centre.
- [0:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=22s) The educational community around the student; the school as an ecosystem inside the mlfmonde network.
- [0:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=46s) The goal of the two days: show the interaction between each school and the network; thanks to the host Lycée Molière.
- [1:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=70s) The pillars: research, teaching practice, and steering with a positioning tool.
- [1:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=95s) Ways of working inside the school and the technical environment, new at these meetings.
- [1:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=119s) Workshops to analyse needs and build a catalogue of services from headquarters for school digital projects.
- [2:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=143s) Workshops led by network teachers and outside contributors, including a web radio project.
- [2:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=166s) Showing practices from across the network; workshops to become training for the Forum pédagogique, presented the next day.

## Notable quotes
> "cette stratégie pédagogique montre ce qui fait sens pour nous, c'est-à-dire l'élève" — speaker (not identified), [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=0s)
*"This teaching strategy shows what matters to us, that is, the student."*

> "mettre en place un catalogue de services pour que le siège puisse mettre en place les éléments à la fois pédagogiques mais également techniques" — speaker (not identified), [1:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=119s)
*"Build a catalogue of services so headquarters can provide both teaching and technical elements."*

## Questions this answers
**Q: What is the digital teaching strategy of the Mission laïque française network?**
A: As presented in Zaragoza, it centres on the student and the school project, supported by the educational community and the mlfmonde network, and rests on research, teaching practice, steering and the technical environment ([0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=0s), [1:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=70s)).

**Q: What were the Rencontres #mlfnumérique in Zaragoza?**
A: The first #mlfnumérique meetings, two days at the Lycée Molière in Zaragoza, with workshops on teaching practice and the technical environment, meant to feed the network's Forum pédagogique ([0:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=46s), [2:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=166s)).

**Q: How did the MLF plan to support schools' digital projects?**
A: By using the workshops to analyse schools' needs and build a catalogue of services, teaching and technical, from headquarters ([1:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyMJd9iZcaM&t=119s)).

**Q: Does Erwan Rougeux speak in this video?**
A: He is credited in the description alongside Gaëlle Charcosset, but the excerpt has a single, unnamed voice, so it is not clear whether he is the one speaking.

## Mentioned
Mission laïque française (mlfmonde), #mlfnumérique, Lycée Molière (Zaragoza), Forum pédagogique, Régis Forgione, Fabien Audard, Gaëlle Charcosset